1. Design, synthesis, cholinesterase inhibition and molecular modelling study of novel tacrine hybrids with carbohydrate derivatives.
- Author
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Lopes JPB, Silva L, da Costa Franarin G, Antonio Ceschi M, Seibert Lüdtke D, Ferreira Dantas R, de Salles CMC, Paes Silva-Jr F, Roberto Senger M, Alvim Guedes I, and Emmanuel Dardenne L
- Subjects
- Acetylcholinesterase metabolism, Animals, Butyrylcholinesterase metabolism, Cholinesterase Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Galactose analogs & derivatives, Galactose chemical synthesis, Galactose pharmacology, Humans, Mice, Molecular Docking Simulation, Ribose analogs & derivatives, Ribose chemical synthesis, Ribose pharmacology, Structure-Activity Relationship, Tacrine chemical synthesis, Torpedo, Xylose analogs & derivatives, Xylose chemical synthesis, Xylose pharmacology, Cholinesterase Inhibitors chemistry, Cholinesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Drug Design, Tacrine analogs & derivatives, Tacrine pharmacology
- Abstract
A series of hybrids containing tacrine linked to carbohydrate-based moieties, such as d-xylose, d-ribose, and d-galactose derivatives, were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution between 9-aminoalkylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridines and the corresponding sugar-based tosylates. All compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the nanomolar IC
50 scale. Most of the d-xylose derivatives (6a-e) were selective for AChE and the compound 6e (IC50 = 2.2 nM for AChE and 4.93 nM for BuChE) was the most active compound for both enzymes. The d-galactose derivative 8a was the most selective for AChE exhibiting an IC50 ratio of 7.6 for AChE over BuChE. Only two compounds showed a preference for BuChE, namely 7a (d-ribose derivative) and 6b (d-xylose derivative). Molecular docking studies indicated that the inhibitors are capable of interacting with the entire binding cavity and the main contribution of the linker is to enable the most favorable positioning of the two moieties with CAS, PAS, and hydrophobic pocket to provide optimal interactions with the binding cavity. This finding is reinforced by the fact that there is no linear correlation between the linker size and the observed binding affinities. The majority of the new hybrids synthesized in this work do not violate the Lipinski's rule-of-five according to FAF-Drugs4, and do not demonstrated predicted hepatotoxicity according ProTox-II., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
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