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Appendicovesical fistula is a rare complication associated with appendicitis, Crohn's disease, or appendiceal tumors, posing significant diagnostic challenges. We reported a pediatric case of appendicovesical fistula that remained undiagnosed by non-contrast computed tomography, fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Although identified during cystoscopy, its connection to the fistula site could not be determined. However, the transvesical contrast-enhanced ultrasound clearly demonstrated the presence of fistula. Subsequently, laparoscopic appendectomy and bladder repair were performed successfully, leading to complete recovery in the patient. To our knowledge, this is the first reported diagnosis of appendicovesical fistula in children using contrast-enhanced ultrasound., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Vesicouterine fistula after obstructed labor is very rare. Hysterosalpingography is the investigation of choice. Cystography primarily does not demonstrate the fistula because the intrauterine pressures are higher than the vesical pressure. A 38-year-old woman presented to us with vecisovaginal fistula and vesicouterine fistula that had developed 13 years earlier after obstructed labor and vaginal delivery of a stillborn neonate. She was found to have normal renal function, but she had developed small capacity bladder and the cystogram performed with Foley catheter showed contrast spilling into the uterus. She was managed by continent urinary diversion., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The repair of rectourinary fistulas is frequently a matter of great difficulty. We report the case of a young man who sustained a shotgun wound to his pelvis and developed a fistula from the bladder neck to the rectum, which was repaired by a combined transabdominal and posterior sagittal transrectal approach. We recommend that this procedure should be part of the surgical armamentarium available to deal with such complicated lesions.

Colovesical fistulas were identified in 42 patients. Diverticulitis was the underlying cause in 40 per cent of the patients. Carcinoma of the colon or cervix caused 33 per cent of the fistulas. Cystoscopy was the most effective procedure in diagnosing the fistulas. Surgical therapy had to be individualized to the patient's condition. Fistulas secondary to radiation were associated with a high complication rate.

Three patients with appendicitis were seen with bladder tumor, hematuria, and pelvic mass with ureteral obstruction, respectively. These cases represent a spectrum of difficult diagnostic problems and illustrate that appendiceal abscess involving the urinary tract may present as urologic disease. Thus, it is important to consider appendicitis in the differential diagnosis.

The complication of spontaneous vesicoileal fistula formation in an eleven-year-old male two years after ureteroileoneocystostomy undiversion is presented.