1. The tcdA-negative and tcdB-positive Clostridium difficile ST81 clone exhibits a high level of resistance to fluoroquinolones: a multi-centre study in Beijing, China.
- Author
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Cheng JW, Liu C, Kudinha T, Xiao M, Fan X, Yang CX, Wei M, Liang GW, Shao DH, Xiong ZJ, Hou X, Yu SY, Wang Y, Yang QW, Su JR, and Xu YC
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, China epidemiology, Ciprofloxacin pharmacology, Clostridioides difficile isolation & purification, Clostridium Infections drug therapy, DNA Gyrase genetics, Fluoroquinolones pharmacology, Humans, Levofloxacin pharmacology, Metronidazole pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Epidemiology, Molecular Typing, Moxifloxacin pharmacology, Vancomycin pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Toxins genetics, Clostridioides difficile drug effects, Clostridioides difficile genetics, Clostridium Infections epidemiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Enterotoxins genetics
- Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide. In order to gain a better understanding about the molecular epidemiology of C. difficile in Beijing, China, molecular typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and drug resistance gene sequencing were performed on 174 strains of C. difficile collected from four large tertiary hospitals in Beijing. In total, 31 sequence types (STs) were identified among the 174 strains. ST81 was found to be the most prevalent (26.4%, 46/174), followed by ST2 (16.7%, 29/174) and ST54 (9.8%, 17/174). All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin. The test strains displayed resistance rates of 97.1%, 44.3% and 44.3% for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, respectively. ST81 isolates displayed a drug resistance rate of 97.8% for levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, which was significantly higher than ST2 (0%), ST54 (17.6%) and ST42 (0%) isolates (P<0.05). An amino acid mutation (T82I) was identified in GyrA, and the total mutation rate of the C. difficile strains was 40.8% (71/174). The mutation rate of ST81 isolates was 95.7% (44/46). Three amino acid mutations (D426N, S366A and D426V) were identified in GyrB, and the total mutation rate of GyrB was 39.1%. A double-site mutation in GyrB (S366A+D426V) was identified in all ST81 (n=46) isolates. In conclusion, the C. difficile ST81 clone showed a high level of resistance to fluoroquinolones in Beijing, highlighting the need for nationwide surveillance of CDI., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2020
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