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The viability of sperm is a crucial factor for achieving a successful pregnancy in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) in fresh and frozen-thawed sperm samples of different origins (ejaculated/testicular). A retrospective analysis was conducted on the outcomes of 2167 oocytes subjected to ICSI using motile and immotile-HOST-positive sperm from 2011 to 2023. We evaluated embryonic development, as well as clinical, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes in four groups based on different sperm origins (ejaculated/testicular) and processing (fresh/frozen). When comparing the results of ICSI between motile and immotile-HOST-positive sperm within each group, it was observed that there were no significant differences in the outcomes for fresh samples. However, for frozen-thawed samples, fertilization rates and blastocyst development rates were significantly lower when ICSI was performed with immotile-HOST-positive sperm compared to motile sperm. Of note, clinical, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes were statistically similar across all groups. Our findings indicate that HOST is more reliable in fresh samples than in those subjected to the freeze-thaw process. Nonetheless, HOST is considered a safe method for selecting viable sperm in all subgroups., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate whether the frequency of uterine cavity abnormalities in PCOS patients higher than the normo-ovulatory patients., Study Design: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the ART center of a tertiary university hospital. A total of 103 patients; 51 PCOS, and 52 male factor infertility were enrolled in the study between the years 2011-2019. HSG images of all patients were numbered and evaluated by ten senior reproductive endocrinologists and surgeons whom were blinded to the research and choose the most appropriate figure for each patient's HSG image and marked the shape of cavity according to the ASRM and ESGE/ESHRE classification. Results and demographic parameters were compared between PCOS and male factor infertility groups., Results: The percentage of the normal uterine cavity was significantly lower in the PCOS group than control group as 51 % and 66.7 %, 77 % and 94.2 % according to the ASRM and ESHRE/ESGE classifications, respectively. The frequency of Partial Septate Uterus (ESHRE-ESGE U2a / ASRM Va, 21.6% vs 5.8 % p < 0.05), Complete Septate Uterus (ESHRE-ESGE U2b / ASRM Vb, 7.8% vs 0% p < 0.01) and Dysmorphic Uterus (ESHRE-ESGE U1c) / ASRM VII) 3.9 % vs 0p < 0.05) were significantly higher in PCOS patients than controls. The frequency of arcuate uterus classified as VI in ASRM and considered as normal in ESHRE/ESGE was 16 % and 17.3 % in PCOS and control groups, respectively, without statistically significant difference., Conclusions: This study provides that, compared to the healthy population, the frequency of uterine cavity abnormality is clearly higher in PCOS patients., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: There has been a heated discussion about mesh materials in urogynecology in recent years. The role of social media in this discussion is critical. This study aims to make a systematic analysis of videos uploaded to YouTube about mesh complications in urogynecology., Study Design: YouTube was searched using specific terms about mesh materials. The primary outcome was the relationship between the video characteristics -which were publisher identity, attitude, the main focus of the video country, and year- and the mesh debate in urogynecology., Results: We analyzed 1128 YouTube videos about mesh complications. There was no distinction between stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse when referring to the mesh material in 79 % of the videos. 35.2 % of the videos were in the News group, 31.2 % were in the Patients group, 19.6 % were in the Doctors group, and 14.0 % were in the Lawyers group. Videos in the News (75.7 %), Patients (92.6 %), and Lawyers (99.4 %) groups mostly had a negative attitude, while videos in the Doctors (48.9 %) group mostly had an informative attitude. News (43.2 %) and Patients (51.2 %) group videos were predominantly from the United Kingdom. However, Lawyers (81.0 %) and Doctors (44.3 %) videos were predominantly from the USA. In the last three years, the news and patients videos have increased by an average of 40 % each year., Conclusion: YouTube has influenced the mesh dilemma with a negative attitude. As long as social media is at the center of this discussion, a healthy outcome cannot be achieved., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine the effect of embryonic factors on serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels in pregnancy and live birth resulting after a single fresh cleavage embryo and blastocyst transfer., Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. All fresh single embryo transfers (sETs) between September 2011 and December 2016 were included. The correlation analysis was performed to determine the association of embryo morphological parameters on mean serum β-hCG levels on day 12 after the transfer of a fresh single cleavage embryo and a fresh single blastocyst embryo., Results: Out of a total of 455 fresh sETs, 60 positive β-hCG results after the transfer of a single fresh cleavage-stage embryo and 82 after the transfer of a single fresh blastocyst. The mean β-hCG level resulting from a single fresh blastocyst ET was 371.7 ± 52.7 IU/L, which was similar to the mean β-hCG level resulting from a cleavage ET (314.5 ± 36.9 IU/L) (p = .70). Interestingly, serum β-hCG levels resulting from a single fresh blastocyst ET showed a correlation with day 5 blastocoele expansion, trophectoderm cell number and blastocyst quality score in ongoing pregnancy (r = .33, p = .02; r = .29, p = .04; and r = .31, p = .03, respectively). Moreover, day 5 blastocoele expansion and blastocyst quality score showed a correlation with the serum β-hCG levels resulting from a single fresh blastocyst ET in live birth (r = .36, p = .02; r = .31, p = .04, respectively)., Conclusion: Our study suggests that serum β-hCG levels resulting from a single fresh blastocyst ET showed a correlation with day 5 blastocoele expansion and blastocyst quality score in both ongoing pregnancy and live birth., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)