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The penelfin Penaincisalia alina sp. nov. is described from Department Apurímac, Peru on the basis of wing and genitalia characters. Spectral analysis of structural colours carried out on congeneric species is presented. A hitherto unnamed Penaincisalia species from the vicinity of the type locality is also documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material of Scopula spp. specimens (n = 1181) in the Hungarian Natural History Museum is revised in the light of recent publications. The museum hosts vouchers of three species from the white-coloured taxa of the "ornata species- group" from the Carpathian Basin and six species from the Palaearctic Region. A historical specimen of S. orientalis, undoubtedly collected in the Carpathian Basin, was found amongst Palaearctic material. This is the first record of this species from the area and its most inland occurrence in Europe. A key to the identification of the three species recorded from the Carpathian Basin is given. With eight figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The occurrence of a taxon morphologically close to Pseudolucia jujuyensis Bálint, Eisele & Johnson, 2000 is recorded in dry habitats of Torotoro Dinosaurs National Park, Potosí, Bolivia. This record remarkably extends the range of Pseudolucia by almost 800 km northwards in austral South America. Five specimens were available for examinations, hence wing-pattern, genitalia and mitochondrial DNA were analysed. However, the taxonomy of the specimens could not be satisfactorily resolved in relation to P. jujuyensis, for which only the holotype exists. The females use Cuscuta for ovipositing, what is supposedly the larval host - a remarkable character of the chilensis species group of Pseudolucia, which includes P. jujuyensis. On the basis of molecular markers it was revealed that the Torotoro population is the sister to the rest of the chilensis species group, which together are the clade sister to the rest of the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Male secondary sexual characters have been discovered on the hindwing verso of genera Aphnaeus Hübner, [1819], Cigaritis Donzel, 1847, Lipaphnaeus Aurivillius, 1916 and Pseudaletis Druce, 1888 representing the Palaeotropical subfamily Aphnaeinae (Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera). Relevant wing parts are illustrated, described, and some observations on the organs are briefly annotated. With an appendix and 14 figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South American hairstreak species Strymon bicolor (Philippi, 1859) and S. heodes (Druce, 1909) are diagnosed and their synonymies are revised. The distribution of S. bicolor is restricted to the Andean-Patagonian region south of the Atacama Desert and represented now in Argentina and Chile by seven available species group names, considered as subjective synonyms. However, some of these names can most probably be considered as valid taxa. A key to identification is given for distinguishing the superficially most similar Strymon species patterned by orange scaling in the dorsal wing surfaces. It is noted that the Austral S. bicolor group and the Central Peruvian S. heodes appear to belong to a mimicry ring inhabiting the dry areas of the Andes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species Lathecla carolyna Busby, 2015 described recently from Ecuador is reported to occur also in Venezuela and Colombia. An additional Peruvian occurrence of L. mimula (Draudt, 1920) is also documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]