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Bakgrund: Psykossjukdom är ett stort och utbrett hälsoproblem i Sverige, varje år insjuknar cirka 1500- 2000 människor, och medför ett svårt lidande för individen. Religionen har för personer med psykossjukdom visat sig ge upplevelse av hopp, tröst, mening och förklaring. Dock kan psykotiska symptom i form av religiösa vanföreställningar, tendera till att göra det svårt för vårdpersonal att särskilja patologiska föreställningar med religiöst innehåll från friska religiösa tankar. Sjuksköterskans psykiatriska vårdarbete innefattar ett vårdande där man utgår från människan som en helhet och ska se till patientens behov på alla plan. Sannolikheten att möta personer från andra religioner och kulturer är hög relaterat till existerande mångkultur. Det behövs mer forskning för att öka möjligheten till ett vårdande där patienters religiösa behov inkluderas i vårdprocessen. Syfte: att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta personer med psykossjukdom och deras religiösa tankar. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes med sex sjuksköterskor verksamma inom det psykiatriska vårdfältet. Datamaterialet tolkades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Elo och Kyngäs. Resultat: Studien resulterade i tre teman; Sjuksköterskan i mötet, Vårdandet- att möta behoven samt Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av patienten i mötet. Resultatet visade en rädsla, osäkerhet och låg tilltro till befintlig kunskap hos sjuksköterskor, i hur man möter religiösa tankar och behov. Samt att det föreligger svårigheter i hur man skiljer friska religiösa tankar från religiösa vanföreställningar. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras med Katie Eriksson helhetsperspektiv som teoretisk utgångspunkt samt relevanta vetenskapliga artiklar. Faktorer som rädsla, osäkerhet och låg tilltro till befintlig kunskap måste uppmärksammas för att möjliggöra ett vårdande utifrån ett helhetsperspektiv., Background: Psychosis is a large and widespread health problems in Sweden, each year 1500- 2000 people fall ill, and often causes great suffering for the individual. Religion has for people with psychosis shown to provide experience of hope, meaning, comfort and explanation. However, the patient's psychotic symptoms in the form of religious delusions, tend to make it difficult for health professionals to distinguish pathological beliefs with religious content from healthy religious thoughts. The probability to meet people from other religions and cultures is high in relation to the existing multiculturalism. We need more research to increase the possibility of caring from a holistic perspective where patients' religious thoughts and needs are included in the care process. Aim: To describe nurse’s experiences of meeting individuals with psychosis and their religious thoughts. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with six nurses working in the psychiatric field. The data was interpreted through a qualitative content analysis according to Elo and Kyngäs. Result: The study resulted in three themes; The nurse in the meeting, Caring- to meet the needs and the nurse's experience of the patient in the meeting. The result shows how fear, insecurity and a sense of lack of knowledge of how to meet the religious needs and thoughts, and difficulties in how to distinguish healthy religious thought from religious delusions. Discussion: The results are discussed with Katie Eriksson holistic perspective as a theoretical basis as well as relevant scientific research. Factors such as fear, insecurity and a sense of lack of knowledge must be addressed to enable caring from a holistic perspective.

Background: It´s obvious that stigma reduces life opportunities and make people act throughout an outcast role. Stigma enters spheres where it is made up to protect a group, but only results in painful feelings for the vulnerable. Individuals suffering from psychosis are exposed to discrimination because of fear and prejudices. These are applied upon individuals whereas they stigmatize themselves. Aim: To investigate the experience of self-stigma and stigmas effects on life for patients suffering from psychosis. Method: 24 scientific articles have been used and analyzed together with Whittemore and Knalfs integrative method (2005) for the result in this literature review. After formulating a problem literature has been searched, evaluated, and analyzed in four steps which are presented. The literature was found through databases, free searching compounds and through references. As a theoretic framework the figure Existentiell ensamhet hos personer med psykiska funktionshinder from the doctoral Berättelser om ensamhetens vardag has been used. Results: The psychiatric contact, to be a psychiatric patient and being labeled with a psychiatric diagnosis affected the way individuals labeled themselves. Individuals wanted to be seen as unique and listened to. The diagnosis contributed to feelings of shame and affected self-esteem and self-ability. Through acceptance of the disease participants could become something different than just a patient in the psychiatric services. Through other people the participant’s self-image could be built up. Social stigmas were described in all levels of society and also within the family. Relationships were important and a link to live a normal life and recover. Normality was desirable and said to occur through activities such as work and studies. Discussion: Was discussed through relevant research and Anette Erdners figure Existentiell ensamhet hos personer med psykiska funktionshinder from the doctoral Berättelser om ensamhetens var

Bakgrund: Patienter med psykossjukdom har generellt sämre fysisk hälsa än övriga befolkningen till följd av symtom av psykossjukdomen, livstilsvanor delvis relaterat till symtomen och biverkningar av antipsykotisk läkemedelsbehandling. Forskning styrker detta dock har hälso- och sjukvården inte lyckats hjälpa patientgruppen på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Tidigare studier tyder på att sjuksköterskor inom psykosvården är medvetna om problemet men uppfattningar rörande hur omvårdnadsarbetet ska se ut skiljer sig. Syfte: Syfte med föreliggande studie är att beskriva specialistsjuksköterskors uppfattningar om fysisk hälsa hos patienter med psykossjukdom. Ytterligare syfte är att beskriva det hälsofrämjande arbetet som utförs samt specialistsjuksköterskornas uppfattningar om detta arbete. Metod: Strukturerade intervjuer gjordes med sex sjuksköterskor på fem öppenvårdsmottagningar i tre sjukvårdsområden i Stockholm. Informanterna hade arbetat på nuvarande mottagning i minst ett år och var specialistutbildade i psykiatrisk omvårdnad. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys valdes som metod vid analysen av materialet. Resultat: Sjuksköterskorna hade kunskap och medvetenhet om patientgruppen som riskgrupp. På samtliga mottagningar fanns rutiner och riktlinjer för arbetet med patienters fysiska hälsa men inte tillräckligt med resurser för att arbeta utifrån dessa på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Sjuksköterskorna efterlyste mer tid och personal för detta arbete samt ett bättre samarbete med den övriga vården. Diskussion: Studiens resultat ställs mot tidigare forskning och mot den personcentrerade omvårdnadsteorin enligt McCormack och McCance, där teorin hjälper till att förklara resultatet utifrån en vårdrelation patient och sjuksköterska emellan., Background: Patients with psychosis generally have poorer physical health than the general population due to symptoms of psychosis disease; lifestyle habits partly related to symptoms and side effects of antipsychotic drug treatment, which is confirmed by research. Health care has, however, failed to assist these patients in a satisfactory manner. Previous studies suggest that nurses in psychosis care are aware of the problem although beliefs regarding how nursing should be organized differ. Aim: The aims of this study are to describe the specialist nurses' perceptions of physical health in patients with psychosis. A further aim is to describe the health promotion work done and furthermore specialist nurses' perceptions about this work. Methods: Structured interviews were conducted with six nurses at five outpatient clinics in three health regions in Stockholm. The informants had worked at the present clinic at least for one year and were specialized in psychiatric nursing. The method chosen for analysis of the material was Qualitative content analysis. Resultats: The nurses had knowledge and awareness of the patient group as a risk group. At all clinics there were procedures and guidelines for working with patients' physical health, but not enough resources to adhere on these in a satisfactory manner. The nurses asked for more time and personnel for this work and a better collaboration with other health care clinics. Discussions: The results of the study was compared to previous research and to the person-centered nursing theory according to McCormack and McCance, where the theory helps to explain the results from a healthcare relationship between patient and nurse.

Several studies show that the clinical reality in psychiatric care does not correspond to the demand of consumer participation from a variety of policy documents that has been produced recently. Studies also show that there is a lot to do in improving, patients with sever mental illness, becoming more involved in their own care. The nurse has a central role in this work. The Norwegian nursing theorist Jan-Kåre Hummelvolls holistic, existentialistic model for psychiatric nursing were used as theoretical ground. The aim of this study was to examine how nurses in psychiatric outpatient units, caring for patients with psychotic disorders, experiences consumer participation. Qualitative phenomenological method was used. Semi-structured interviews with six nurses caring for patients suffering from psychotic disorders in outpatient units were conducted. The interviews were recorded and transcript by the author and then analyzed using qualitative content analyze. Two themes were identified: To follow the road chosen by the patient and When consumer participation risks failing. The result of this study shows that there are several factors that influences nurses job to involve patients in their care. The interviews also showed that there were areas where consumer participation was more problematic. To share a decision with the patient is a way to improve consumer participation. Shared decision making is a complicated process where the nurse needs support to succeed. In pharmacological issues nurses must continue working with consumer participation.