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Start Over Descriptor "16S analysis" Publisher escholarship, university of california
2 results on '"16S analysis"'

1. Cytomegalovirus infection disrupts the influence of short-chain fatty acid producers on Treg/Th17 balance

Author

Chin, Ning, Narayan, Nicole R, Méndez-Lagares, Gema, Ardeshir, Amir, Chang, WL William, Deere, Jesse D, Fontaine, Justin H, Chen, Connie, Kieu, Hung T, Lu, Wenze, Barry, Peter A, Sparger, Ellen E, and Hartigan-O’Connor, Dennis J

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Microbiome, Nutrition, Infectious Diseases, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Inflammatory and immune system, Animals, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cytokines, Cytomegalovirus, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Macaca mulatta, Mice, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Host-microbe interactions, Cytomegalovirus infection, Immunophenotype, Elastic net, Rhesus macaque, 16S analysis, Ecology, Medical Microbiology, Evolutionary biology
Abstract

BackgroundBoth the gut microbiota and chronic viral infections have profound effects on host immunity, but interactions between these influences have been only superficially explored. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), for example, infects approximately 80% of people globally and drives significant changes in immune cells. Similarly, certain gut-resident bacteria affect T-cell development in mice and nonhuman primates. It is unknown if changes imposed by CMV on the intestinal microbiome contribute to immunologic effects of the infection.ResultsWe show that rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) infection is associated with specific differences in gut microbiota composition, including decreased abundance of Firmicutes, and that the extent of microbial change was associated with immunologic changes including the proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, RhCMV infection disrupted the relationship between short-chain fatty acid producers and Treg/Th17 balance observed in seronegative animals, showing that some immunologic effects of CMV are due to disruption of previously existing host-microbe relationships.ConclusionsGut microbes have an important influence on health and disease. Diet is known to shape the microbiota, but the influence of concomitant chronic viral infections is unclear. We found that CMV influences gut microbiota composition to an extent that is correlated with immunologic changes in the host. Additionally, pre-existing correlations between immunophenotypes and gut microbes can be subverted by CMV infection. Immunologic effects of CMV infection on the host may therefore be mediated by two different mechanisms involving gut microbiota. Video Abstract.

Published
2022

2. Cytomegalovirus infection disrupts the influence of short-chain fatty acid producers on Treg/Th17 balance

Author

Ning Chin, Nicole R. Narayan, Gema Méndez-Lagares, Amir Ardeshir, W. L. William Chang, Jesse D. Deere, Justin H. Fontaine, Connie Chen, Hung T. Kieu, Wenze Lu, Peter A. Barry, Ellen E. Sparger, and Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), T-Lymphocytes, Volatile, Cytomegalovirus, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Microbiology, Vaccine Related, Mice, Rhesus macaque, Animals, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Ecology, Inflammatory and immune system, Fatty Acids, Host-microbe interactions, Elastic net, 16S analysis, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Macaca mulatta, Regulatory, Cytomegalovirus infection, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Cytokines, Microbiome, Infection, Immunophenotype
Abstract

Background Both the gut microbiota and chronic viral infections have profound effects on host immunity, but interactions between these influences have been only superficially explored. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), for example, infects approximately 80% of people globally and drives significant changes in immune cells. Similarly, certain gut-resident bacteria affect T-cell development in mice and nonhuman primates. It is unknown if changes imposed by CMV on the intestinal microbiome contribute to immunologic effects of the infection. Results We show that rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) infection is associated with specific differences in gut microbiota composition, including decreased abundance of Firmicutes, and that the extent of microbial change was associated with immunologic changes including the proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, RhCMV infection disrupted the relationship between short-chain fatty acid producers and Treg/Th17 balance observed in seronegative animals, showing that some immunologic effects of CMV are due to disruption of previously existing host-microbe relationships. Conclusions Gut microbes have an important influence on health and disease. Diet is known to shape the microbiota, but the influence of concomitant chronic viral infections is unclear. We found that CMV influences gut microbiota composition to an extent that is correlated with immunologic changes in the host. Additionally, pre-existing correlations between immunophenotypes and gut microbes can be subverted by CMV infection. Immunologic effects of CMV infection on the host may therefore be mediated by two different mechanisms involving gut microbiota.

Published
2022

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