1. Towards long-term standardised carbon and greenhouse gas observations for monitoring Europe's terrestrial ecosystems: a review
- Author
-
Tiphaine Tallec, Arnaud Carrara, Ralf Kiese, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Mika Aurela, Olaf Kolle, Bernard Heinesch, Sébastien Gogo, Annalea Lohila, Maarten Op de Beeck, Nina Buchmann, Nicola Arriga, Hans Peter Schmid, Jukka Pumpanen, Ladislav Šigut, Meelis Mölder, Lilian Joly, Lukas Hörtnagl, Giorgio Matteucci, Leonardo Montagnani, Anders Lindroth, Hanna Silvennoinen, Robert Clement, Eric Ceschia, George Burba, Matthias Peichl, Bruce Osborne, Ana López-Ballesteros, B. Longdoz, Thomas Grünwald, Domenico Vitale, Rainer Steinbrecher, Andrea Pitacco, Lukas Siebicke, Mikaell Ottosson Löfvenius, Peter Waldner, Pasi Kolari, Marion Schrumpf, Alexander Graf, Tuomas Laurila, Oliver Sonnentag, Gianluca Filippa, Daniel Berveiller, Jouni Heiskanen, Michael P. Jones, Marc Aubinet, Sébastien C. Biraud, Mathias Herbst, Philip Meier, Mirco Migliavacca, Marian Pavelka, Per Weslien, Roland Fuß, Bert Gielen, Kamel Soudani, Mari Pihlatie, Radek Pokorný, Manuel Acosta, Simone Mereu, Mats Nilsson, Achim Grelle, Caroline Vincke, Guillaume Simioni, Patrick M. Crill, Leif Klemedtsson, Christine Moureaux, Natascha Kljun, Stefan Metzger, Christian Brümmer, Lutz Merbold, Katja Klumpp, Matthias Mauder, Christine Herschlein, Claudy Jolivet, Simone Sabbatini, Patrice Soulé, Mireille Barbaste, Céline Ratié, Edoardo Cremonese, Patrik Vestin, Nicolas Saby, Patrick Gross, Penélope Serrano Ortiz, Hakima Boukir, Giacomo Nicolini, Stefan Fleck, Sune Linder, Pavel Sedlák, Sami Haapanala, Gaëlle Vincent, David R. Nelson, Werner L. Kutsch, Edward Ayres, Lisa Wingate, Nuria Altimir, Anne De Ligne, Andreas Ibrom, Marilyn Roland, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Timothy Brown, Corinna Rebmann, Eiko Nemitz, Sara Maraňón Jiménez, Koen Hufkens, Andrew S. Kowalski, Ivan Mammarella, Timo Vesala, Sigrid Dengel, Eva Darenova, Markus Hehn, Anne Thimonier, Mark S. Zahniser, Matthew Saunders, John Grace, Georg Wohlfahrt, A. Cescatti, Ute Skiba, Dominique Arrouays, Petra D'Odorico, Olli Peltola, Daniela Franz, Tanguy Manise, Gerardo Fratini, Thunen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/ Physics, Partenaires INRAE, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), University of Antwerp (UA), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Liège, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Ecological Observatory Network, Science Office (NEON), Trinity College Dublin, Unité de service et de recherches en analyses végétales et environnementales (USRAVE), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Australian National University (ANU), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), LI-COR Biosciences, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System, Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo, European Commission, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Edinburgh, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Stockholm University, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
Oobservational network ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,ICOS ,GHG exchange ,carbon cycle ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,ICOS, GHG exchange, carbon cycle, standardised monitoring, observational network, climate change ,Climate change ,Eddy covariance ,01 natural sciences ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Carbon cycle ,standardised monitoring ,11. Sustainability ,Forest ecology ,Sampling design ,ddc:550 ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Ecosystem ,Biology ,standardized protocols ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,SDG 15 - Life on Land ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Agronomy & Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,Earth sciences ,climate change ,13. Climate action ,Greenhouse gas ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,observational network ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,ddc:640 ,Terrestrial ecosystem ,business - Abstract
Research infrastructures play a key role in launching a new generation of integrated long-term, geographically distributed observation programmes designed to monitor climate change, better understand its impacts on global ecosystems, and evaluate possible mitigation and adaptation strategies. The pan-European Integrated Carbon Observation System combines carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O, H2O) observations within the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. High-precision measurements are obtained using standardised methodologies, are centrally processed and openly available in a traceable and verifiable fashion in combination with detailed metadata. The Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem station network aims to sample climate and land-cover variability across Europe. In addition to GHG flux measurements, a large set of complementary data (including management practices, vegetation and soil characteristics) is collected to support the interpretation, spatial upscaling and modelling of observed ecosystem carbon and GHG dynamics. The applied sampling design was developed and formulated in protocols by the scientific community, representing a trade-off between an ideal dataset and practical feasibility. The use of open-access, high-quality and multi-level data products by different user communities is crucial for the Integrated Carbon Observation System in order to achieve its scientific potential and societal value.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF