259 results on '"Duc, P.-A."'
Search Results
2. A rare case report of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with an uncommon CALM2 mutation.
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Ding, Kimberly, de la Rosa, Angelo, Do, Duc, and Shah, Sonia
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Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia ,Cardiac arrest ,Case report ,Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a primary arrhythmia disorder characterized by syncope or sudden cardiac death and typically caused by a gain-of-function of the Ryanodine Receptor Type 2 (RyR2) mutation. Calmodulin is a calcium-binding protein responsible for many intracellular signalling pathways and disruptions in function or regulation may lead to potentially fatal arrhythmias. We present a case of a young patient with CPVT found to have an unusual, potentially causative, Calmodulin 2-a protein coding gene (CALM2) mutation. CASE SUMMARY: A 21-year-old female with autism was brought to the ED following cardiac arrest. Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia was captured on electrocardiogram. Propranolol was initiated, and patient had no further episodes of ventricular arrhythmia. A subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was implanted, and further genetics testing was done. Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing (PGnome®-RAPID) resulted heterozygous variant of uncertain significance in CALM2 gene NM_001743.5 for variant c.136G>A. DISCUSSION: To the authors knowledge, this is the third known record of such mutation in accordance with the International Calmodulin Registry (n = 74). Identification of CALM mutations can help advance the understanding of genetic underpinnings of arrhythmias and underscore necessity of genetic screening and personalized treatment strategies. Subcutaneous ICDs offer a promising therapeutic option while minimizing risks associated with traditional transvenous ICDs.
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- 2024
3. Cross-ancestry atlas of gene, isoform, and splicing regulation in the developing human brain
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Wen, Cindy, Margolis, Michael, Dai, Rujia, Zhang, Pan, Przytycki, Pawel F, Vo, Daniel D, Bhattacharya, Arjun, Matoba, Nana, Tang, Miao, Jiao, Chuan, Kim, Minsoo, Tsai, Ellen, Hoh, Celine, Aygün, Nil, Walker, Rebecca L, Chatzinakos, Christos, Clarke, Declan, Pratt, Henry, Peters, Mette A, Gerstein, Mark, Daskalakis, Nikolaos P, Weng, Zhiping, Jaffe, Andrew E, Kleinman, Joel E, Hyde, Thomas M, Weinberger, Daniel R, Bray, Nicholas J, Sestan, Nenad, Geschwind, Daniel H, Roeder, Kathryn, Gusev, Alexander, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Stein, Jason L, Love, Michael I, Pollard, Katherine S, Liu, Chunyu, Gandal, Michael J, Akbarian, Schahram, Abyzov, Alexej, Ahituv, Nadav, Arasappan, Dhivya, Almagro Armenteros, Jose Juan, Beliveau, Brian J, Bendl, Jaroslav, Berretta, Sabina, Bharadwaj, Rahul A, Bicks, Lucy, Brennand, Kristen, Capauto, Davide, Champagne, Frances A, Chatterjee, Tanima, Chatzinakos, Chris, Chen, Yuhang, Chen, H Isaac, Cheng, Yuyan, Cheng, Lijun, Chess, Andrew, Chien, Jo-fan, Chu, Zhiyuan, Clement, Ashley, Collado-Torres, Leonardo, Cooper, Gregory M, Crawford, Gregory E, Davila-Velderrain, Jose, Deep-Soboslay, Amy, Deng, Chengyu, DiPietro, Christopher P, Dracheva, Stella, Drusinsky, Shiron, Duan, Ziheng, Duong, Duc, Dursun, Cagatay, Eagles, Nicholas J, Edelstein, Jonathan, Emani, Prashant S, Fullard, John F, Galani, Kiki, Galeev, Timur, Gaynor, Sophia, Girdhar, Kiran, Goes, Fernando S, Greenleaf, William, Grundman, Jennifer, Guo, Hanmin, Guo, Qiuyu, Gupta, Chirag, Hadas, Yoav, Hallmayer, Joachim, Han, Xikun, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hawken, Natalie, He, Chuan, Henry, Ella, Hicks, Stephanie C, Ho, Marcus, Ho, Li-Lun, Hoffman, Gabriel E, Huang, Yiling, Huuki-Myers, Louise A, and Hwang, Ahyeon
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Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Genetics ,Biological Psychology ,Psychology ,Mental Illness ,Mental Health ,Human Genome ,Neurosciences ,Brain Disorders ,Mental health ,Humans ,Alternative Splicing ,Atlases as Topic ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Brain ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Developmental ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Protein Isoforms ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Schizophrenia ,Transcriptome ,Mental Disorders ,PsychENCODE Consortium† ,PsychENCODE Consortium ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Neuropsychiatric genome-wide association studies (GWASs), including those for autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, show strong enrichment for regulatory elements in the developing brain. However, prioritizing risk genes and mechanisms is challenging without a unified regulatory atlas. Across 672 diverse developing human brains, we identified 15,752 genes harboring gene, isoform, and/or splicing quantitative trait loci, mapping 3739 to cellular contexts. Gene expression heritability drops during development, likely reflecting both increasing cellular heterogeneity and the intrinsic properties of neuronal maturation. Isoform-level regulation, particularly in the second trimester, mediated the largest proportion of GWAS heritability. Through colocalization, we prioritized mechanisms for about 60% of GWAS loci across five disorders, exceeding adult brain findings. Finally, we contextualized results within gene and isoform coexpression networks, revealing the comprehensive landscape of transcriptome regulation in development and disease.
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- 2024
4. Massively parallel characterization of regulatory elements in the developing human cortex
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Deng, Chengyu, Whalen, Sean, Steyert, Marilyn, Ziffra, Ryan, Przytycki, Pawel F, Inoue, Fumitaka, Pereira, Daniela A, Capauto, Davide, Norton, Scott, Vaccarino, Flora M, Pollen, Alex A, Nowakowski, Tomasz J, Ahituv, Nadav, Pollard, Katherine S, Akbarian, Schahram, Abyzov, Alexej, Arasappan, Dhivya, Almagro Armenteros, Jose Juan, Beliveau, Brian J, Bendl, Jaroslav, Berretta, Sabina, Bharadwaj, Rahul A, Bhattacharya, Arjun, Bicks, Lucy, Brennand, Kristen, Champagne, Frances A, Chatterjee, Tanima, Chatzinakos, Chris, Chen, Yuhang, Chen, H Isaac, Cheng, Yuyan, Cheng, Lijun, Chess, Andrew, Chien, Jo-fan, Chu, Zhiyuan, Clarke, Declan, Clement, Ashley, Collado-Torres, Leonardo, Cooper, Gregory M, Crawford, Gregory E, Dai, Rujia, Daskalakis, Nikolaos P, Davila-Velderrain, Jose, Deep-Soboslay, Amy, DiPietro, Christopher P, Dracheva, Stella, Drusinsky, Shiron, Duan, Ziheng, Duong, Duc, Dursun, Cagatay, Eagles, Nicholas J, Edelstein, Jonathan, Emani, Prashant S, Fullard, John F, Galani, Kiki, Galeev, Timur, Gandal, Michael J, Gaynor, Sophia, Gerstein, Mark, Geschwind, Daniel H, Girdhar, Kiran, Goes, Fernando S, Greenleaf, William, Grundman, Jennifer, Guo, Hanmin, Guo, Qiuyu, Gupta, Chirag, Hadas, Yoav, Hallmayer, Joachim, Han, Xikun, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hawken, Natalie, He, Chuan, Henry, Ella, Hicks, Stephanie C, Ho, Marcus, Ho, Li-Lun, Hoffman, Gabriel E, Huang, Yiling, Huuki-Myers, Louise A, Hwang, Ahyeon, Hyde, Thomas M, Iatrou, Artemis, Jajoo, Aarti, Jensen, Matthew, Jiang, Lihua, Jin, Peng, Jin, Ting, Jops, Connor, Jourdon, Alexandre, Kawaguchi, Riki, Kellis, Manolis, Khullar, Saniya, Kleinman, Joel E, Kleopoulos, Steven P, and Kozlenkov, Alex
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Biological Sciences ,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Human ,Stem Cell Research ,Human Genome ,Genetics ,Neurosciences ,Underpinning research ,Aetiology ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Neurological ,Humans ,Cerebral Cortex ,Chromatin ,Deep Learning ,Enhancer Elements ,Genetic ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Developmental ,Neurogenesis ,Neurons ,Organoids ,Regulatory Sequences ,Nucleic Acid ,Promoter Regions ,Genetic ,Regulatory Elements ,Transcriptional ,PsychENCODE Consortium‡ ,PsychENCODE Consortium ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Nucleotide changes in gene regulatory elements are important determinants of neuronal development and diseases. Using massively parallel reporter assays in primary human cells from mid-gestation cortex and cerebral organoids, we interrogated the cis-regulatory activity of 102,767 open chromatin regions, including thousands of sequences with cell type-specific accessibility and variants associated with brain gene regulation. In primary cells, we identified 46,802 active enhancer sequences and 164 variants that alter enhancer activity. Activity was comparable in organoids and primary cells, suggesting that organoids provide an adequate model for the developing cortex. Using deep learning we decoded the sequence basis and upstream regulators of enhancer activity. This work establishes a comprehensive catalog of functional gene regulatory elements and variants in human neuronal development.
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- 2024
5. Knowledge, attitudes and self-confidence with skills required for providing dementia care in physicians at primary healthcare settings in Vietnam.
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Pham, Bich, Kim, Bao, Esterman, Adrian, Brodaty, Henry, Kurrle, Susan, Nguyen, Thanh, Nguyen, Trong, Roughead, Elizabeth, Hinton, Ladson, Dang, Thu, Nguyen, Thi, Tran, Kham, Crotty, Maria, Du, Duc, and Nguyen, Tuan
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Attitudes ,Knowledge ,Primary health care providers ,Self-confidence ,Vietnam ,Humans ,Health Knowledge ,Attitudes ,Practice ,Vietnam ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Physicians ,Primary Health Care ,Dementia - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dementia is a global public health priority. The World Health Organization adopted a Global Action Plan on Dementia, with dementia awareness a priority. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and self-confidence with skills required for providing dementia care among primary health care providers in Vietnam. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 405 primary health care providers who worked at commune health stations and district health centers in eight provinces across Vietnam. RESULTS: The results showed that primary health care providers had poor knowledge and little confidence but more positive attitudes toward dementia care and management. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the training needs for building capacity amongst primary health care providers, which will be critical as Vietnams population ages.
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- 2024
6. Telemedicine-based inspiratory muscle training and walking promotion with lung cancer survivors following curative intent therapy: a parallel-group pilot randomized trial
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Ha, Duc M, Comer, Angela, Dollar, Blythe, Bedoy, Ruth, Ford, Morgan, Gozansky, Wendolyn S, Zeng, Chan, Arch, Joanna J, Leach, Heather J, Malhotra, Atul, Prochazka, Allan V, Keith, Robert L, and Boxer, Rebecca S
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Health Services and Systems ,Nursing ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Prevention ,Lung Cancer ,Rehabilitation ,Lung ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Cancer ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.7 Physical ,Humans ,Cancer Survivors ,Pilot Projects ,Quality of Life ,Lung Neoplasms ,Survivors ,Walking ,Dyspnea ,Muscles ,Telerehabilitation ,Telemedicine ,Exercise ,Survivorship ,Patient-centered outcomes ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences ,Psychology - Abstract
PurposeFollowing curative-intent therapy of lung cancer, many survivors experience dyspnea and physical inactivity. We investigated the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and potential efficacy of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and walking promotion to disrupt a postulated "dyspnea-inactivity" spiral.MethodsBetween January and December 2022, we recruited lung cancer survivors from Kaiser Permanente Colorado who completed curative-intent therapy within 1-6 months into a phase-IIb, parallel-group, pilot randomized trial (1:1 allocation). The 12-week intervention, delivered via telemedicine, consisted of exercise training (IMT + walking), education, and behavior change support. Control participants received educational materials on general exercise. We determined feasibility a priori: enrollment of ≥ 20% eligible patients, ≥ 75% retention, study measure completion, and adherence. We assessed acceptability using the Telemedicine-Satisfaction-and-Usefulness-Questionnaire and safety events that included emergency department visits or hospitalizations. Patient-centered outcome measures (PCOMs) included dyspnea (University-of-California-San-Diego-Shortness-of-Breath-Questionnaire), physical activity (activPAL™ steps/day), functional exercise capacity (mobile-based-six-minute-walk-test), and health-related quality of life (HRQL, St.-George's-Respiratory-Questionnaire). We used linear mixed-effects models to assess potential efficacy.ResultsWe screened 751 patients, identified 124 eligible, and consented 31 (25%) participants. Among 28 participants randomized (14/group), 22 (11/group) completed the study (79% retention). Intervention participants returned > 90% of self-reported activity logs, completed > 90% of PCOMs, and attended > 90% of tele-visits; 75% of participants performed IMT at the recommended dose. Participants had high satisfaction with tele-visits and found the intervention useful. There was no statistically significant difference in safety events between groups. Compared to control participants from baseline to follow-up, intervention participants had statistically significant and clinically meaningful improved HRQL (SGRQ total, symptom, and impact scores) (standardized effect size: -1.03 to -1.30).ConclusionsAmong lung cancer survivors following curative-intent therapy, telemedicine-based IMT + walking was feasible, acceptable, safe, and had potential to disrupt the "dyspnea-inactivity" spiral. Future efficacy/effectiveness trials are warranted and should incorporate IMT and walking promotion to improve HRQL.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05059132.
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- 2023
7. Evaluation of Nanaerobic Digestion as a Mechanism to Explain Surplus Methane Production in Animal Rumina and Engineered Digesters.
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Wu, Zhuoying, Nguyen, Duc, Shrestha, Shilva, Raskin, Lutgarde, Khanal, Samir, and Lee, Po-Heng
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anaerobic digestion ,biogas ,cytochrome bd oxidase ,microaeration ,nanaerobe ,nanaerobic respiration ,oxygen ,rumen ,Animals ,Anaerobiosis ,Bioreactors ,Bacteria ,Euryarchaeota ,Methane ,Oxidoreductases ,Sewage ,Cytochromes ,Digestion - Abstract
Nanaerobes are a newly described class of microorganisms that use a unique cytochrome bd oxidase to achieve nanaerobic respiration at
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- 2023
8. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Guided by Preprocedural Simulation of Fluoroscopic Location of the Membranous Septum.
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Mori, Shumpei, Aksoy, Olcay, Do, Duc H, Dave, Ravi H, and Shivkumar, Kalyanam
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atrioventricular conduction axis ,computed tomography ,membranous septum ,transcatheter aortic valve replacement ,virtual basal ring ,Cardiovascular ,Heart Disease ,Good Health and Well Being - Abstract
We show the virtual simulation of the fluoroscopic location of the membranous septum using preprocedural cardiac computed tomographic data sets. Recognizing the risk distance before the procedure can help individualize implantation strategy to reduce the risk of atrioventricular conduction axis damage during transcatheter aortic valve replacement. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
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- 2023
9. Higher Apparent Gas Transfer Velocities for CO2 Compared to CH4 in Small Lakes.
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Pajala, Gustav, Rudberg, David, Gålfalk, Magnus, Melack, John Michael, Macintyre, Sally, Karlsson, Jan, Sawakuchi, Henrique Oliveira, Schenk, Jonathan, Sieczko, Anna, Sundgren, Ingrid, Duc, Nguyen Thanh, and Bastviken, David
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Carbon Dioxide ,Gases ,Water ,Methane ,Lakes ,Greenhouse Gases ,carbon dioxide ,gas transfer ,greenhouse gas ,lake ,methane ,piston velocity ,Climate Action ,gastransfer ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Large greenhouse gas emissions occur via the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from the surface layer of lakes. Such emissions are modeled from the air-water gas concentration gradient and the gas transfer velocity (k). The links between k and the physical properties of the gas and water have led to the development of methods to convert k between gases through Schmidt number normalization. However, recent observations have found that such normalization of apparent k estimates from field measurements can yield different results for CH4 and CO2. We estimated k for CO2 and CH4 from measurements of concentration gradients and fluxes in four contrasting lakes and found consistently higher (on an average 1.7 times) normalized apparent k values for CO2 than CH4. From these results, we infer that several gas-specific factors, including chemical and biological processes within the water surface microlayer, can influence apparent k estimates. We highlight the importance of accurately measuring relevant air-water gas concentration gradients and considering gas-specific processes when estimating k.
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- 2023
10. The Type 2 Diabetes Knowledge Portal: An open access genetic resource dedicated to type 2 diabetes and related traits
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Costanzo, Maria C, von Grotthuss, Marcin, Massung, Jeffrey, Jang, Dongkeun, Caulkins, Lizz, Koesterer, Ryan, Gilbert, Clint, Welch, Ryan P, Kudtarkar, Parul, Hoang, Quy, Boughton, Andrew P, Singh, Preeti, Sun, Ying, Duby, Marc, Moriondo, Annie, Nguyen, Trang, Smadbeck, Patrick, Alexander, Benjamin R, Brandes, MacKenzie, Carmichael, Mary, Dornbos, Peter, Green, Todd, Huellas-Bruskiewicz, Kenneth C, Ji, Yue, Kluge, Alexandria, McMahon, Aoife C, Mercader, Josep M, Ruebenacker, Oliver, Sengupta, Sebanti, Spalding, Dylan, Taliun, Daniel, Consortium, AMP-T2D, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Akolkar, Beena, Allred, Nicholette D, Altshuler, David, Below, Jennifer E, Bergman, Richard, Beulens, Joline WJ, Blangero, John, Boehnke, Michael, Bokvist, Krister, Bottinger, Erwin, Bowden, Donald, Brosnan, M Julia, Brown, Christopher, Bruskiewicz, Kenneth, Burtt, Noël P, Cebola, Inês, Chambers, John, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Cherkas, Andriy, Chu, Audrey Y, Clark, Christopher, Claussnitzer, Melina, Cox, Nancy J, Hoed, Marcel den, Dong, Duc, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Dupuis, Josée, Elders, Petra JM, Engreitz, Jesse M, Fauman, Eric, Ferrer, Jorge, Flannick, Jason, Flicek, Paul, Flickinger, Matthew, Florez, Jose C, Fox, Caroline S, Frayling, Timothy M, Frazer, Kelly A, Gaulton, Kyle J, Gloyn, Anna L, Hanis, Craig L, Hanson, Robert, Hattersley, Andrew T, Im, Hae Kyung, Iqbal, Sidra, Jacobs, Suzanne BR, Jang, Dong-Keun, Jordan, Tad, Kamphaus, Tania, Karpe, Fredrik, Keane, Thomas M, Kim, Seung K, Lage, Kasper, Lange, Leslie A, and Lazar, Mitchell
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Genetics ,Diabetes ,Human Genome ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Type 2 ,Access to Information ,Prospective Studies ,Genomics ,Phenotype ,AMP-T2D Consortium ,CMDKP ,GWAS ,T2DKP ,data sharing ,diabetes ,effector genes ,genetic associations ,genetic support ,genomics ,portal ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics ,Endocrinology & Metabolism - Abstract
Associations between human genetic variation and clinical phenotypes have become a foundation of biomedical research. Most repositories of these data seek to be disease-agnostic and therefore lack disease-focused views. The Type 2 Diabetes Knowledge Portal (T2DKP) is a public resource of genetic datasets and genomic annotations dedicated to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related traits. Here, we seek to make the T2DKP more accessible to prospective users and more useful to existing users. First, we evaluate the T2DKP's comprehensiveness by comparing its datasets with those of other repositories. Second, we describe how researchers unfamiliar with human genetic data can begin using and correctly interpreting them via the T2DKP. Third, we describe how existing users can extend their current workflows to use the full suite of tools offered by the T2DKP. We finally discuss the lessons offered by the T2DKP toward the goal of democratizing access to complex disease genetic results.
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- 2023
11. Building the foundation for a community-generated national research blueprint for inherited bleeding disorders: research priorities to transform the care of people with hemophilia
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Tran, Duc Q, Benson, Craig C, Boice, Judith A, Chitlur, Meera, Dunn, Amy L, Escobar, Miguel A, Gupta, Kalpna, Johnsen, Jill M, Jorgenson, James, Martin, Scott D, Martin, Suzanne, Meeks, Shannon L, Narvaez, Alfredo A, Quon, Doris V, Reding, Mark T, Reiss, Ulrike M, Savage, Brittany, Schafer, Kim, Steiner, Bruno, Thornburg, Courtney, Volland, Lena M, and von Drygalski, Annette
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Research ,Genetics ,Hematology ,Health and social care services research ,8.1 Organisation and delivery of services ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Humans ,Child ,United States ,Hemophilia A ,Delivery of Health Care ,Medicine ,Research ,Community ,hemophilia ,inherited bleeding disorders ,National Hemophilia Foundation ,patient-centered ,research ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Other Medical and Health Sciences ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology - Abstract
BackgroundDecades of research have transformed hemophilia from severely limiting children's lives to a manageable disorder compatible with a full, active life, for many in high-income countries. The direction of future research will determine whether exciting developments truly advance health equity for all people with hemophilia (PWH). National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF) and American Thrombosis and Hemostasis Network conducted extensive inclusive all-stakeholder consultations to identify the priorities of people with inherited bleeding disorders and those who care for them.Research design and methodsWorking group (WG) 1 of the NHF State of the Science Research Summit distilled the community-identified priorities for hemophilia A and B into concrete research questions and scored their feasibility, impact, and risk.ResultsWG1 defined 63 top priority research questions concerning arthropathy/pain/bone health, inhibitors, diagnostics, gene therapy, the pediatric to adult transition of care, disparities faced by the community, and cardiovascular disease. This research has the potential to empower PWH to thrive despite lifelong comorbidities and achieve new standards of wellbeing, including psychosocial.ConclusionsCollaborative research and care delivery will be key to capitalizing on current and horizon treatments and harnessing technical advances to improve diagnostics and testing, to advance health equity for all PWH.
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- 2023
12. One Health Surveillance Highlights Circulation of Viruses with Zoonotic Potential in Bats, Pigs, and Humans in Viet Nam.
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Latinne, Alice, Nga, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Long, Nguyen Van, Ngoc, Pham Thi Bich, Thuy, Hoang Bich, Predict Consortium, Long, Pham Thanh, Phuong, Nguyen Thanh, Quang, Le Tin Vinh, Tung, Nguyen, Nam, Vu Sinh, Duoc, Vu Trong, Thinh, Nguyen Duc, Schoepp, Randal, Ricks, Keersten, Inui, Ken, Padungtod, Pawin, Johnson, Christine K, Mazet, Jonna AK, Walzer, Chris, Olson, Sarah H, and Fine, Amanda E
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Animals ,Swine ,Chiroptera ,Humans ,Filoviridae ,Coronavirus ,Zoonoses ,Coronavirus Infections ,Phylogeny ,Vietnam ,One Health ,bats ,coronavirus ,influenza ,livestock ,paramyxovirus ,pigs ,spillover ,surveillance ,zoonoses ,Prevention ,Vaccine Related ,Biodefense ,Biotechnology ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Aetiology ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Microbiology - Abstract
A One Health cross-sectoral surveillance approach was implemented to screen biological samples from bats, pigs, and humans at high-risk interfaces for zoonotic viral spillover for five viral families with zoonotic potential in Viet Nam. Over 1600 animal and human samples from bat guano harvesting sites, natural bat roosts, and pig farming operations were tested for coronaviruses (CoVs), paramyxoviruses, influenza viruses, filoviruses and flaviviruses using consensus PCR assays. Human samples were also tested using immunoassays to detect antibodies against eight virus groups. Significant viral diversity, including CoVs closely related to ancestors of pig pathogens, was detected in bats roosting at the human-animal interfaces, illustrating the high risk for CoV spillover from bats to pigs in Viet Nam, where pig density is very high. Season and reproductive period were significantly associated with the detection of bat CoVs, with site-specific effects. Phylogeographic analysis indicated localized viral transmission among pig farms. Our limited human sampling did not detect any known zoonotic bat viruses in human communities living close to the bat cave and harvesting bat guano, but our serological assays showed possible previous exposure to Marburg virus-like (Filoviridae), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus-like (Bunyaviridae) viruses and flaviviruses. Targeted and coordinated One Health surveillance helped uncover this viral pathogen emergence hotspot.
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- 2023
13. The Role of Quorum Sensing in the Development of Microcystis aeruginosa Blooms: Gene Expression.
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Lamas-Samanamud, Gisella, Montante, Armando, Mertins, Andrea, Phan, Duc, Loures, Carla, Naves, Fabiano, Reeves, Tony, and Shipley, Heather
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algal bloom ,cyanotoxins ,microcystin ,quorum sensing - Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) is the dominant cyanobacterial species causing harmful algal blooms in water bodies worldwide. The blooms release potent toxins and pose severe public health hazards to water bodies, animals, and humans who are in contact with or consume this water. The interaction between M. aeruginosa and heterotrophic bacteria is thought to contribute to the development of the blooms. This study strives to provide a specific answer to whether quorum sensing is also a potential mechanism mediating the interaction of different strains/species and the expression by gene luxS or gene mcyB in M. aeruginosa growth. The luxS gene in M. aeruginosa PCC7806 is associated with quorum sensing and was tested by q-PCR throughout a 30-day growth period. The same was performed for the mcyB gene. Heterotrophic bacteria were collected from local water bodies: Cibolo Creek and Leon Creek in San Antonio, Texas. Results revealed that in algal bloom scenarios, there is a similar concentration of gene luxS that is expressed by the cyanobacteria. Gene mcyB, however, is not directly associated with algal blooms, but it is related to cyanotoxin production. Toxicity levels increased in experiments with multiple algal strains, and the HSL treatment was not effective at reducing microcystin levels.
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- 2023
14. Mouse genomic associations with in vitro sensitivity to simulated space radiation
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Cekanaviciute, Egle, Tran, Duc, Nguyen, Hung, Lopez Macha, Alejandra, Pariset, Eloise, Langley, Sasha, Babbi, Giulia, Malkani, Sherina, Penninckx, Sébastien, Schisler, Jonathan C, Nguyen, Tin, Karpen, Gary H, and Costes, Sylvain V
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Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Genetics ,Human Genome ,Cancer ,Prevention ,Brain Disorders ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Humans ,Mice ,Animals ,DNA Damage ,DNA Repair ,Radiation ,Ionizing ,Neoplasms ,Genomics ,Space radiation ,DNA damage ,Radiosensitivity ,GWAS ,Mouse models ,Genome-wide association study ,ionizing radiation ,space radiation ,space biology ,mouse genetics - Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation is considered by NASA to be a major health hazard for deep space exploration missions. Ionizing radiation sensitivity is modulated by both genomic and environmental factors. Understanding their contributions is crucial for designing experiments in model organisms, evaluating the risk of deep space (i.e. high-linear energy transfer, or LET, particle) radiation exposure in astronauts, and also selecting therapeutic irradiation regimes for cancer patients. We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in 15 strains of mice, including 10 collaborative cross model strains and 5 founder strains, associated with spontaneous and ionizing radiation-induced in vitro DNA damage quantified based on immunofluorescent tumor protein p53 binding protein (53BP1) positive nuclear foci. Statistical analysis suggested an association with pathways primarily related to cellular signaling, metabolism, tumorigenesis and nervous system damage. We observed different genomic associations in early (4 and 8 h) responses to different LET radiation, while later (24 hour) DNA damage responses showed a stronger overlap across all LETs. Furthermore, a subset of pathways was associated with spontaneous DNA damage, suggesting 53BP1 positive foci as a potential biomarker for DNA integrity in mouse models. Our results suggest several mouse strains as new models to further study the impact of ionizing radiation and validate the identified genetic loci. We also highlight the importance of future human in vitro studies to refine the association of genes and pathways with the DNA damage response to ionizing radiation and identify targets for space travel countermeasures.
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- 2023
15. Log-Spectral Matching GAN: PPG-based Atrial Fibrillation Detection can be Enhanced by GAN-based Data Augmentation with Integration of Spectral Loss.
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Ding, Cheng, Xiao, Ran, Do, Duc, Lee, David, Lee, Randall, Kalantarian, Shadi, and Hu, Xiao
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Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a ubiquitous physiological measurement that detects beat-to-beat pulsatile blood volume changes and hence has a potential for monitoring cardiovascular conditions, particularly in ambulatory settings. A PPG dataset that is created for a particular use case is often imbalanced, due to a low prevalence of the pathological condition it targets to predict and the paroxysmal nature of the condition as well. To tackle this problem, we propose log-spectral matching GAN (LSM-GAN), a generative model that can be used as a data augmentation technique to alleviate the class imbalance in a PPG dataset to train a classifier. LSM-GAN utilizes a novel generator that generates a synthetic signal without a up-sampling process of input white noises, as well as adds the mismatch between real and synthetic signals in frequency domain to the conventional adversarial loss. In this study, experiments are designed focusing on examining how the influence of LSM-GAN as a data augmentation technique on one specific classification task - atrial fibrillation (AF) detection using PPG. We show that by taking spectral information into consideration, LSM-GAN as a data augmentation solution can generate more realistic PPG signals.
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- 2023
16. Association between wildfires and coccidioidomycosis incidence in California, 2000–2018: a synthetic control analysis
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Phillips, Sophie, Jones, Isabel, Sondermyer-Cooksey, Gail, Yu, Alexander T, Heaney, Alexandra K, Zhou, Bo, Bhattachan, Abinash, Weaver, Amanda K, Campo, Simon K, Mgbara, Whitney, Wagner, Robert, Taylor, John, Lettenmaier, Dennis, Okin, Gregory S, Jain, Seema, Vugia, Duc, Remais, Justin V, and Head, Jennifer R
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Agricultural ,Veterinary and Food Sciences ,Ecological Applications ,Environmental Sciences ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Biodefense ,Valley Fever ,Infectious Diseases ,Rare Diseases ,California ,Climate change ,Coccidioidomycosis ,Coccidioides ,Drought ,Synthetic control ,Valley fever ,Wildfires - Abstract
The frequency and severity of wildfires in the Western United States have increased over recent decades, motivating hypotheses that wildfires contribute to the incidence of coccidioidomycosis, an emerging fungal disease in the Western United States with sharp increases in incidence observed since 2000. While coccidioidomycosis outbreaks have occurred among wildland firefighters clearing brush, it remains unknown whether fires are associated with an increased incidence among the general population.MethodsWe identified 19 wildfires occurring within California's highly endemic San Joaquin Valley between 2003 and 2015. Using geolocated surveillance records, we applied a synthetic control approach to estimate the effect of each wildfire on the incidence of coccidioidomycosis among residents that lived within a hexagonal buffer of 20 km radii surrounding the fire.ResultsWe did not detect excess cases due to wildfires in the 12 months (pooled estimated percent change in cases: 2.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -29.0, 85.2), 13-24 months (7.9%; 95% CI = -27.3, 113.9), or 25-36 months (17.4%; 95% CI = -25.1, 157.1) following a wildfire. When examined individually, we detected significant increases in incidence following three of the 19 wildfires, all of which had relatively large adjacent populations, high transmission before the fire, and a burn area exceeding 5,000 acres.DiscussionWe find limited evidence that wildfires drive increases in coccidioidomycosis incidence among the general population. Nevertheless, our results raise concerns that large fires in regions with ongoing local transmission of Coccidioides may be associated with increases in incidence, underscoring the need for field studies examining Coccidioides spp. in soils and air pre- and post-wildfires.
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- 2023
17. Cervicomedullary junction mature teratoma with pulmonary differentiation and diastematomyelia in an adult – A rare case
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Peeters, Sophie M, Uhr, Lauren, Chivukula, Srinivas, McBride, Duncan, Everson, Richard, Duong, Duc, Yang, Isaac, Cornford, Marcia, Mlikotic, Anton, Yong, William, and Kim, Won
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Lung ,Rare Diseases ,Cervicomedullary ,Diastematomyelia ,Mature ,Teratoma ,Neurosciences ,Clinical sciences ,Biological psychology - Abstract
BackgroundIntradural extramedullary teratomas in the cervical or cervicomedullary region are rare in adults.Case descriptionWe report a symptomatic, mature teratoma at the cervicomedullary junction in a 52-year-old Hispanic female who also has a type I diastematomyelia in the thoracolumbar spine. The patient underwent surgical resection of the lesion with the resolution of presenting symptoms. Histopathology of the lesion revealed a mature cystic teratoma with pulmonary differentiation.ConclusionWe discuss the case along with a review of pertinent literature and considerations with regard to the diagnosis, etiology, prognosis, and management of this unusual pathology.
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- 2023
18. Establishing baseline framework for hepatitis B virus micro-elimination in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam - A community-based seroprevalence study.
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Pham, Trang, Le, Duc, Dao, Diem, Phan, Loc, Pham, Thuy, Nguyen, Toan, Mize, Gary, Gish, Robert, Lee, William, Trang, Amy, Le, Anh, Chen, Moon, Phan, Hai, Nguyen, Binh, Tang, Hong, and Dao, Doan
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2030 ,HBV linkage to care ,HBV screening ,Hepatitis B virus ,Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) ,Micro-elimination ,National elimination ,Vietnam - Abstract
BACKGROUND: We conducted a community-based seroprevalence study using three HBV seromarkers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc) in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, to (1) determine the prevalence of HBV serologic profiles; (2) document factors associated with HBV infection or susceptibility; and (3) propose strategies toward HBV elimination by 2030. METHODS: During 2019-2020, we deployed a multistage cluster design with probability proportionate to size, to recruit 20,000 adults for an HBV screening and linkage to care program citywide. Screening results with interpretation, recommendations, and health education materials were returned to participants. Post-study surveys were conducted within three months to identify gaps in linkage to care. FINDINGS: Of the 17,600 adults invited, 15,275 (86.7%) participated in the study, 14,674 (96.1%) completing all data for final analyses. The prevalence of HBsAg (+) and HBV-naïve were 7.5% and 37.7%, respectively. HBV vaccination rates were 18.7% and about 50% of HCMC population had been exposed to HBV. Of the persons with HBsAg (+), 27.1% linked to care (76% used health insurance). There were wide variations in HBsAg (+) and HBV vaccination rates between districts, risk factors, and socio-economic statuses. INTERPRETATION: The significant disease burden of and gaps in the continuum of care highlight the need and urgency to address the HBV public health problem in Vietnam. Using three screening seromarkers that tailor interventions to the needs of HBV micro-populations could be an effective strategy to pursue HBV elimination goals. FUNDING: Gilead Sciences Inc; Roche Diagnostic International Ltd; Roche Diagnostics-Vietnam; Abbott Diagnostics-Vietnam; Hepatitis B Foundation; Medic MedicalCenter, Vietnam; Center of Excellence for Liver Disease in Vietnam, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
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- 2023
19. Late-Onset Infection in a Leadless Pacemaker
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Bernardes-Souza, Breno, Mori, Shumpei, Hingorany, Shipra, Boyle, Noel G, and H., Duc
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Infection ,ECG ,electrocardiogram ,LPM ,leadless pacemaker ,RBB ,right bundle branch ,cardiac implantable electronic device ,infection ,leadless pacemaker - Abstract
Infection of leadless pacemakers (LPM) is rare, even in patients at high risk for infections. Only 3 cases of LPM infection have been documented in the literature, all occurring within 1 month of device implantation. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of late-onset LPM infection, developing almost 2 years after implantation. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).
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- 2022
20. Current Challenges in Efficient Lithium‐Ion Batteries’ Recycling: A Perspective
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Yu, Xiaolu, Li, Weikang, Gupta, Varun, Gao, Hongpeng, Tran, Duc, Sarwar, Shatila, and Chen, Zheng
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Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,Chemical Sciences ,Physical Chemistry ,Affordable and Clean Energy ,Responsible Consumption and Production ,challenges ,electric vehicles ,profits ,recycling ,spent Li-ion batteries ,spent Li‐ion batteries - Abstract
Li-ion battery (LIB) recycling has become an urgent need with rapid prospering of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, which has caused a shortage of material resources and led to an increasing amount of retired batteries. However, the global LIB recycling effort is hampered by various factors such as insufficient logistics, regulation, and technology readiness. Here, the challenges associated with LIB recycling and their possible solutions are summarized. Different aspects such as recycling/upcycling techniques, worldwide government policies, and the economic and environmental impacts are discussed, along with some practical suggestions to overcome these challenges for a promising circular economy for LIB materials. Some potential strategies are proposed to convert such challenges into opportunities to maintain the global expansion of the EV and other LIB-dependent industries.
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- 2022
21. Left behind on the path to 90‐90‐90: understanding and responding to HIV among displaced people
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Vasylyeva, Tetyana I, Horyniak, Danielle's, Bojorquez, Ietza, and Pham, Minh Duc
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Prevention ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Refugees ,Transients and Migrants ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Income ,displaced people ,forced migration ,HIV care continuum ,HIV prevention ,HIV treatment ,lower- and middle-income countries ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Other Medical and Health Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology ,Public health - Abstract
IntroductionIn 2021, the number of people affected by displacement worldwide reached the highest on record, with an estimated 30.5 million refugees and 4.6 million asylum seekers seeking safety across international borders and further 53.2 million people displaced within their countries of origin. Most forcibly displaced persons come from or relocate to lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and many of those countries have large HIV epidemics. In this commentary, we describe some of the challenges at the intersection of HIV and displacement vulnerabilities that cannot be easily addressed in resource-limited environments.DiscussionHIV transmission and prevention and treatment efforts in the context of displacement are affected by myriad behavioural, social and structural factors across different stages of the displacement journey. For example, structural barriers faced by people experiencing displacement in relation to HIV prevention and care include funding constraints and legal framework deficiencies. Such barriers prevent all forced migrants, and particularly those whose sexual identities or practices are stigmatized against, access to prevention and care equal to local residents. Xenophobia, racism and other social factors, as well as individual risky behaviours facilitated by experiences of forced migration, also affect the progress towards 90-90-90 targets in displaced populations. Current evidence suggests increased HIV vulnerability in the period before displacement due to the effect of displacement drivers on medical supplies and infrastructure. During and after displacement, substantial barriers to HIV testing exist, though following resettlement in stable displacement context, HIV incidence and viral suppression are reported to be similar to those of local populations.ConclusionsExperiences of often-marginalized displaced populations are diverse and depend on the context of displacement, countries of origin and resettlement, and the nature of the crises that forced these populations to move. To address current gaps in responses to HIV in displacement contexts, research in LMIC, particularly in less stable resettlement settings, needs to be scaled up. Furthermore, displaced populations need to be specifically addressed in national AIDS strategies and HIV surveillance systems. Finally, innovative technologies, such as point-of-care viral load and CD4 testing, need to be developed and introduced in settings facing displacement.
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- 2022
22. Effects of precipitation, heat, and drought on incidence and expansion of coccidioidomycosis in western USA: a longitudinal surveillance study
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Head, Jennifer R, Sondermeyer-Cooksey, Gail, Heaney, Alexandra K, Yu, Alexander T, Jones, Isabel, Bhattachan, Abinash, Campo, Simon K, Wagner, Robert, Mgbara, Whitney, Phillips, Sophie, Keeney, Nicole, Taylor, John, Eisen, Ellen, Lettenmaier, Dennis P, Hubbard, Alan, Okin, Gregory S, Vugia, Duc J, Jain, Seema, and Remais, Justin V
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,Coccidioidomycosis ,Droughts ,Hot Temperature ,Humans ,Incidence ,Seasons ,Climate change impacts and adaptation ,Environmental management ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundDrought is an understudied driver of infectious disease dynamics. Amidst the ongoing southwestern North American megadrought, California (USA) is having the driest multi-decadal period since 800 CE, exacerbated by anthropogenic warming. In this study, we aimed to examine the influence of drought on coccidioidomycosis, an emerging infectious disease in southwestern USA.MethodsWe analysed California census tract-level surveillance data from 2000 to 2020 using generalised additive models and distributed monthly lags on precipitation and temperature. We then developed an ensemble prediction algorithm of incident cases of coccidioidomycosis per census tract to estimate the counterfactual incidence that would have occurred in the absence of drought.FindingsBetween April 1, 2000, and March 31, 2020, there were 81 448 reported cases of coccidioidomycosis throughout California. An estimated 1467 excess cases of coccidioidomycosis were observed in California in the 2 years following the drought that occurred between 2007 and 2009, and an excess 2649 drought-attributable cases of coccidioidomycosis were observed in the 2 years following the drought that occurred between 2012 and 2015. These increased numbers of cases more than offset the declines in cases that occurred during drought. An IQR increase in summer temperatures was associated with 2·02 (95% CI 1·84-2·22) times higher incidence in the following autumn (September to November), and an IQR increase in precipitation in the winter was associated with 1·45 (1·36-1·55) times higher incidence in the autumn. The effect of winter precipitation was 36% (25-48) stronger when preceded by two dry, rather than average, winters. Incidence in arid counties was most sensitive to precipitation fluctuations, while incidence in wetter counties was most sensitive to temperature.InterpretationIn California, multi-year cycles of dry conditions followed by a wet winter increases transmission of coccidioidomycosis, especially in historically wetter areas. With anticipated increasing frequency of drought in southwestern USA, continued expansion of coccidioidomycosis, along with more intense seasons, is expected. Our results motivate the need for heightened precautions against coccidioidomycosis in seasons that follow major droughts.FundingNational Institutes of Health.
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- 2022
23. Demonstration of a population-based HCV serosurvey in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: Establishing baseline prevalence of and continuum of care for HCV micro-elimination by 2030
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Kim, Thanh V, Le, Duc H, Dao, Diem VB, Pham, Trang Ngoc Doan, Mize, Gary W, Phan, Loc TB, Nguyen, Dan X, Ngo, Thi-Thuy-Dung, Gish, Robert G, Lee, William M, Trang, Amy, Le, Anh N, Chen, Moon, Phan, Hai T, Nguyen, Binh T, Tang, Hong K, and Dao, Doan Y
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Liver Disease ,Digestive Diseases ,Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis ,Hepatitis - C ,Clinical Research ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Hepatitis ,Good Health and Well Being ,Hepatitis C virus ,Ho Chi Minh City ,Viet Nam ,Framework ,Micro-elimination ,National elimi-nation ,2030 ,Access to care ,HCV screening ,HCV baseline linkage to care ,National elimination ,Clinical sciences ,Health services and systems ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundA baseline of hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden and other HCV epidemiological profiles is necessary for HCV micro-elimination in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam. This study aimed to determine HCV exposure and prevalence of HCV viremia as well as the proportion of HCV testing and treatment uptake among participants.MethodsFrom 2019 to 2020, the probability proportionate to size sampling method was deployed to representatively invite approximately 20,000 adults (18 or older) throughout HCMC to free screening and linkage to care for HCV.FindingsIn HCMC, the weighted prevalence of anti-HCV was 1·3% (95% CI, 1·1%-1·6%). Individuals born from 1945 to 1964 had the anti-HCV prevalence of 3·6% (95% CI, 3·0%-4·2%) and represented 40·4% of all HCV cases. There were wide variations in anti-HCV prevalence in HCMC, including variations between districts, risk factors, and socioeconomic statuses. A baseline HCV continuum of care for the city demonstrated that only 28·5% (85/298, 95%CI 23·4-33·7%) of persons with anti-HCV (+) were aware of their HCV status, with 77.6% (66/85, 95%CI 68·8-86·5%) diagnosing HCV incidentally, 82·7% (62/75, 95%CI 74·1-91·2%) initiating anti-HCV therapy, and 53.6% (30/56, 95%CI 40·5-66·6%) achieving HCV cures.InterpretationThere remains a considerable disease burden of HCV in HCMC of which a significant proportion was in the age group born between 1945 to 1964. Additionally, there were significant gaps in HCV awareness, screening, and access to care in the community in Viet Nam. Thus, future interventions must have pragmatic targets, be tailored to the local needs, and emphasise screening.FundingThis work was supported by investigator-sponsored research grants from Gilead Sciences Inc. (Grant No: IN-US-987-5382); Roche Diagnostic International Ltd. (Grant No. SUB-000196); and in-kind donations from Abbott Diagnostic Viet Nam; Hepatitis B Foundation; Medic Medical Center, Viet Nam; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine's Center of Excellence for Liver Disease in Viet Nam; and the Board of Directors, Viet Nam Viral Hepatitis Alliance (V-VHA).
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- 2022
24. The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management.
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Kreibich, Heidi, Van Loon, Anne, Schröter, Kai, Ward, Philip, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Sairam, Nivedita, Abeshu, Guta, Agafonova, Svetlana, AghaKouchak, Amir, Aksoy, Hafzullah, Alvarez-Garreton, Camila, Aznar, Blanca, Balkhi, Laila, Barendrecht, Marlies, Biancamaria, Sylvain, Bos-Burgering, Liduin, Bradley, Chris, Budiyono, Yus, Buytaert, Wouter, Capewell, Lucinda, Carlson, Hayley, Cavus, Yonca, Couasnon, Anaïs, Coxon, Gemma, Daliakopoulos, Ioannis, de Ruiter, Marleen, Delus, Claire, Erfurt, Mathilde, Esposito, Giuseppe, François, Didier, Frappart, Frédéric, Freer, Jim, Frolova, Natalia, Gain, Animesh, Grillakis, Manolis, Grima, Jordi, Guzmán, Diego, Huning, Laurie, Ionita, Monica, Kharlamov, Maxim, Khoi, Dao, Kieboom, Natalie, Kireeva, Maria, Koutroulis, Aristeidis, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Li, Hong-Yi, LLasat, María, Macdonald, David, Mård, Johanna, Mathew-Richards, Hannah, McKenzie, Andrew, Mejia, Alfonso, Mendiondo, Eduardo, Mens, Marjolein, Mobini, Shifteh, Mohor, Guilherme, Nagavciuc, Viorica, Ngo-Duc, Thanh, Thao Nguyen Huynh, Thi, Nhi, Pham, Petrucci, Olga, Nguyen, Hong, Quintana-Seguí, Pere, Razavi, Saman, Ridolfi, Elena, Riegel, Jannik, Sadik, Md, Savelli, Elisa, Sazonov, Alexey, Sharma, Sanjib, Sörensen, Johanna, Arguello Souza, Felipe, Stahl, Kerstin, Steinhausen, Max, Stoelzle, Michael, Szalińska, Wiwiana, Tang, Qiuhong, Tian, Fuqiang, Tokarczyk, Tamara, Tovar, Carolina, Tran, Thi, Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein, van Vliet, Michelle, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Wagener, Thorsten, Wang, Yueling, Wendt, Doris, Wickham, Elliot, Yang, Long, Zambrano-Bigiarini, Mauricio, Blöschl, Günter, and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano
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Climate Change ,Datasets as Topic ,Droughts ,Extreme Weather ,Floods ,Humans ,Hydrology ,Internationality ,Risk Management - Abstract
Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3.
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- 2022
25. Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 to support return to campus: Methodological considerations and data interpretation.
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Kapoor, Vikram, Al-Duroobi, Haya, Phan, Duc, Palekar, Rakhee, Blount, Bobby, and Rambhia, Kunal
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COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Schools ,Surveillance ,Wastewater-based epidemiology - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging for various institutions such as school systems due to widespread closures. As schools re-open their campuses to in-person education, there is a need for frequent screening and monitoring of the virus to ensure the safety of students and staff and to limit risk to the surrounding community. Wastewater surveillance (WWS) of SARS-CoV-2 is a rapid and economical approach to determine the extent of COVID-19 in the community. The focus of this review is on the emergence of WWS as a tool for safe return to school campuses, taking into account methodological considerations such as site selection, sample collection and processing, SARS-CoV-2 quantification, and data interpretation. Recently published studies on the implementation of COVID-19 WWS on school and college campuses were reviewed. While there are several logistical and technical challenges, WWS can be used to inform decision-making at the school campus and/or building level.
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- 2022
26. Tuberculosis screening among ambulatory people living with HIV: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
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Dhana, Ashar, Hamada, Yohhei, Kengne, Andre P, Kerkhoff, Andrew D, Rangaka, Molebogeng X, Kredo, Tamara, Baddeley, Annabel, Miller, Cecily, Singh, Satvinder, Hanifa, Yasmeen, Grant, Alison D, Fielding, Katherine, Affolabi, Dissou, Merle, Corinne S, Wachinou, Ablo Prudence, Yoon, Christina, Cattamanchi, Adithya, Hoffmann, Christopher J, Martinson, Neil, Mbu, Eyongetah Tabenyang, Sander, Melissa S, Balcha, Taye T, Skogmar, Sten, Reeve, Byron WP, Theron, Grant, Ndlangalavu, Gcobisa, Modi, Surbhi, Cavanaugh, Joseph, Swindells, Susan, Chaisson, Richard E, Khan, Faiz Ahmad, Howard, Andrea A, Wood, Robin, Thit, Swe Swe, Kyi, Mar Mar, Hanson, Josh, Drain, Paul K, Shapiro, Adrienne E, Kufa, Tendesayi, Churchyard, Gavin, Nguyen, Duc T, Graviss, Edward A, Bjerrum, Stephanie, Johansen, Isik S, Gersh, Jill K, Horne, David J, LaCourse, Sylvia M, Al-Darraji, Haider Abdulrazzaq Abed, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba, Kempker, Russell R, Tukvadze, Nestani, Barr, David A, Meintjes, Graeme, and Maartens, Gary
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Rare Diseases ,Tuberculosis ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Antibiotics ,Antitubercular ,Child ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Prospective Studies ,Rifampin ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Tuberculosis ,Pulmonary ,Medical Microbiology ,Public Health and Health Services ,Microbiology ,Clinical sciences ,Medical microbiology ,Epidemiology - Abstract
BackgroundThe WHO-recommended tuberculosis screening and diagnostic algorithm in ambulatory people living with HIV is a four-symptom screen (known as the WHO-recommended four symptom screen [W4SS]) followed by a WHO-recommended molecular rapid diagnostic test (eg Xpert MTB/RIF [hereafter referred to as Xpert]) if W4SS is positive. To inform updated WHO guidelines, we aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of alternative screening tests and strategies for tuberculosis in this population.MethodsIn this systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis, we updated a search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and conference abstracts for publications from Jan 1, 2011, to March 12, 2018, done in a previous systematic review to include the period up to Aug 2, 2019. We screened the reference lists of identified pieces and contacted experts in the field. We included prospective cross-sectional, observational studies and randomised trials among adult and adolescent (age ≥10 years) ambulatory people living with HIV, irrespective of signs and symptoms of tuberculosis. We extracted study-level data using a standardised data extraction form, and we requested individual participant data from study authors. We aimed to compare the W4SS with alternative screening tests and strategies and the WHO-recommended algorithm (ie, W4SS followed by Xpert) with Xpert for all in terms of diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity), overall and in key subgroups (eg, by antiretroviral therapy [ART] status). The reference standard was culture. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020155895.FindingsWe identified 25 studies, and obtained data from 22 studies (including 15 666 participants; 4347 [27·7%] of 15 663 participants with data were on ART). W4SS sensitivity was 82% (95% CI 72-89) and specificity was 42% (29-57). C-reactive protein (≥10 mg/L) had similar sensitivity to (77% [61-88]), but higher specificity (74% [61-83]; n=3571) than, W4SS. Cough (lasting ≥2 weeks), haemoglobin (
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- 2022
27. Versailles project on advanced materials and standards (VAMAS) interlaboratory study on measuring the number concentration of colloidal gold nanoparticles
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Minelli, Caterina, Wywijas, Magdalena, Bartczak, Dorota, Cuello-Nuñez, Susana, Infante, Heidi Goenaga, Deumer, Jerome, Gollwitzer, Christian, Krumrey, Michael, Murphy, Karen E, Johnson, Monique E, Montoro Bustos, Antonio R, Strenge, Ingo H, Faure, Bertrand, Høghøj, Peter, Tong, Vivian, Burr, Loïc, Norling, Karin, Höök, Fredrik, Roesslein, Matthias, Kocic, Jovana, Hendriks, Lyndsey, Kestens, Vikram, Ramaye, Yannic, Contreras Lopez, Maria C, Auclair, Guy, Mehn, Dora, Gilliland, Douglas, Potthoff, Annegret, Oelschlägel, Kathrin, Tentschert, Jutta, Jungnickel, Harald, Krause, Benjamin C, Hachenberger, Yves U, Reichardt, Philipp, Luch, Andreas, Whittaker, Thomas E, Stevens, Molly M, Gupta, Shalini, Singh, Akash, Lin, Fang-Hsin, Liu, Yi-Hung, Costa, Anna Luisa, Baldisserri, Carlo, Jawad, Rid, Andaloussi, Samir EL, Holme, Margaret N, Lee, Tae Geol, Kwak, Minjeong, Kim, Jaeseok, Ziebel, Johanna, Guignard, Cedric, Cambier, Sebastien, Contal, Servane, Gutleb, Arno C, Kuba Tatarkiewicz, Jan, Jankiewicz, Bartłomiej J, Bartosewicz, Bartosz, Wu, Xiaochun, Fagan, Jeffrey A, Elje, Elisabeth, Rundén-Pran, Elise, Dusinska, Maria, Kaur, Inder Preet, Price, David, Nesbitt, Ian, O Reilly, Sarah, Peters, Ruud JB, Bucher, Guillaume, Coleman, Dennis, Harrison, Angela J, Ghanem, Antoine, Gering, Anne, McCarron, Eileen, Fitzgerald, Niamh, Cornelis, Geert, Tuoriniemi, Jani, Sakai, Midori, Tsuchida, Hidehisa, Maguire, Ciarán, Prina-Mello, Adriele, Lawlor, Alan J, Adams, Jessica, Schultz, Carolin L, Constantin, Doru, Thanh, Nguyen Thi Kim, Tung, Le Duc, Panariello, Luca, Damilos, Spyridon, Gavriilidis, Asterios, Lynch, Iseult, Fryer, Benjamin, Carrazco Quevedo, Ana, Guggenheim, Emily, Briffa, Sophie, Valsami-Jones, Eugenia, Huang, Yuxiong, Keller, Arturo A, Kinnunen, Virva-Tuuli, Perämäki, Siiri, and Krpetic, Zeljka
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Nanotechnology ,Bioengineering ,Physical Sciences ,Chemical Sciences ,Technology ,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology - Abstract
We describe the outcome of a large international interlaboratory study of the measurement of particle number concentration of colloidal nanoparticles, project 10 of the technical working area 34, "Nanoparticle Populations" of the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS). A total of 50 laboratories delivered results for the number concentration of 30 nm gold colloidal nanoparticles measured using particle tracking analysis (PTA), single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light spectroscopy, centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The study provides quantitative data to evaluate the repeatability of these methods and their reproducibility in the measurement of number concentration of model nanoparticle systems following a common measurement protocol. We find that the population-averaging methods of SAXS, CLS and UV-Vis have high measurement repeatability and reproducibility, with between-labs variability of 2.6%, 11% and 1.4% respectively. However, results may be significantly biased for reasons including inaccurate material properties whose values are used to compute the number concentration. Particle-counting method results are less reproducibile than population-averaging methods, with measured between-labs variability of 68% and 46% for PTA and spICP-MS respectively. This study provides the stakeholder community with important comparative data to underpin measurement reproducibility and method validation for number concentration of nanoparticles.
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- 2022
28. Genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct Steller’s sea cow
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Le Duc, Diana, Velluva, Akhil, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Olsen, Remi-Andre, Baleka, Sina, Lin, Chen-Ching, Lemke, Johannes R, Southon, John R, Burdin, Alexander, Wang, Ming-Shan, Grunewald, Sonja, Rosendahl, Wilfried, Joger, Ulrich, Rutschmann, Sereina, Hildebrandt, Thomas B, Fritsch, Guido, Estes, James A, Kelso, Janet, Dalén, Love, Hofreiter, Michael, Shapiro, Beth, and Schöneberg, Torsten
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Genetics ,Animals ,Cattle ,Dugong ,Female ,Mammals ,Mice ,Phenotype - Abstract
Steller's sea cow, an extinct sirenian and one of the largest Quaternary mammals, was described by Georg Steller in 1741 and eradicated by humans within 27 years. Here, we complement Steller's descriptions with paleogenomic data from 12 individuals. We identified convergent evolution between Steller's sea cow and cetaceans but not extant sirenians, suggesting a role of several genes in adaptation to cold aquatic (or marine) environments. Among these are inactivations of lipoxygenase genes, which in humans and mouse models cause ichthyosis, a skin disease characterized by a thick, hyperkeratotic epidermis that recapitulates Steller's sea cows' reportedly bark-like skin. We also found that Steller's sea cows' abundance was continuously declining for tens of thousands of years before their description, implying that environmental changes also contributed to their extinction.
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- 2022
29. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and ecological niche modeling provide new insights into threats to the endangered Crocodile Lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)
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Nguyen, Tham Thi, Ngo, Hanh Thi, Ha, Quynh Quy, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Le, Tuan Quang, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Pham, Cuong The, Ziegler, Thomas, van Schingen-Khan, Mona, and Le, Minh Duc
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climate change impacts ,mitochondrial genes ,Shinisauridae ,species distribution modeling ,trans-boundary conservation - Abstract
The endangered crocodile lizard, Shinisaurus crocodilurus, is seriously imperiled by anthropogenic threats, including habitat loss and degradation and most critically over-collection for the international pet trade. As a result, population sizes of crocodile lizards have sharply declined throughout their range, with only a small number remaining in China and a handful of individuals left in Vietnam. To prioritize conservation measures for the species, in this study, we generate new mitochondrial sequences of important new samples and analyze them with existing data. Our results confirm a new genetically distinct population in China, highlighting cryptic genetic diversity within the species. The assessment of climate change impacts on the species suggests that the suitable habitat of one population in China will become severely fragmented, decreased in size, and shifted, while the habitat of two other Chinese populations will remain stable and may even expand given future climate scenarios. In Vietnam, Yen Tu Mountain Range is predicted to serve as a refuge in different climate change projections, but suitable habitat in the border area between Vietnam and China will likely shift geographically. Based on our results, we recommend further field surveys to locate the natural distribution range of the newly identified molecular clade in China and determine the distribution extension of the Vietnamese population in the border area, especially potential occurrence on the Chinese side. Considering the impacts of climate change on the Vietnamese population, designing a corridor to connect the subpopulation’s habitat in the border area with nature reserves in Yen Tu Mountain Range and/or translocating lizards from the site to more suitable habitats might help secure the subpopulation in the context of climate change. In all recommended conservation measures, close collaboration between Vietnam and China will be crucial to effectively protect this potentially shared subpopulation of the highly threatened species.
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- 2022
30. Assessment of climate change impacts on one of the rarest apes on Earth, the Cao Vit Gibbon Nomascus nasutus
- Author
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Trinh-Dinh, Hoang, Nguyen, Anh Tuan, Le, Minh Duc, Li, Xingkang, Cao, Nhung Thi Hong, and Blair, Mary E.
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bioclimate envelope ,China ,conservation planning ,cross-border conservation ,Nomascus nasutus ,species distribution modeling ,sprecies reintroduction ,Vietnam - Abstract
The Cao Vit Gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) is a critically endangered species of gibbon that was historically wide-ranging but is now known to occupy only one forest patch that straddles the China-Vietnam border. While past and current threats to the species include poaching and habitat destruction, the potential effects of global climate change on this species and its current habitat are still poorly known. Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) is often used to predict the risk of potential species distribution shifts in response to climate change and inform conservation planning including restoration and reintroduction efforts. Here, we present optimally tuned SDMs to predict climatically suitable habitat for N. nasutus, projected under a range of future climate change scenarios. Our SDMs showed high predictive performance and successfully predicted the current known range, but also showed expected areas of overprediction to a much wider area that likely reflects the historical distribution of the Cao Vit Gibbon across southern China and northern Vietnam. SDMs that projected across a range of future scenarios estimated an overall loss in total area of climatically suitable habitat, with the average value of about -23,000 km2 in 2041 – 2060 period and about -25,000 km2 in 2061 – 2080 period, compared to the current predicted range, but they also predicted the currently occupied Trung Khanh-Jingxi Forest as suitable across all future scenarios. Thus, some of the predicted climatically suitable areas that are close to the current known range may be worth targeting for future habitat restoration and population re-establishment and recovery efforts, while balancing other threats and management concerns.
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- 2022
31. PD-L1 Immunohistochemistry Assay Comparison in Atezolizumab plus nab-Paclitaxel–Treated Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
- Author
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Rugo, Hope S, Loi, Sherene, Adams, Sylvia, Schmid, Peter, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Barrios, Carlos H, Iwata, Hiroji, Diéras, Véronique, Winer, Eric P, Kockx, Mark M, Peeters, Dieter, Chui, Stephen Y, Lin, Jennifer C, Duc, Anh Nguyen, Viale, Giuseppe, Molinero, Luciana, and Emens, Leisha A
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Cancer ,Breast Cancer ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Humans ,B7-H1 Antigen ,Biomarkers ,Tumor ,Immunohistochemistry ,Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
BackgroundIn the phase III IMpassion130 study, atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel (A+nP) showed clinical benefit in advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients who were programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)+ (tumor-infiltrating immune cells [IC] ≥1%) using the SP142 immunohistochemistry assay. Here we evaluate 2 other PD-L1 assays for analytical concordance with SP142 and patient-associated clinical outcomes.MethodsSamples from 614 patients (68.1% of intention-to-treat population) were centrally evaluated by immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 status on IC (VENTANA SP142, SP263, Dako 22C3) or as a combined positive score (CPS; 22C3).ResultsUsing SP142, SP263, and 22C3 assays, PD-L1 IC ≥1% prevalence was 46.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 42.5% to 50.4%), 74.9% (95% CI = 71.5% to 78.3%), and 73.1% (95% CI = 69.6% to 76.6%), respectively; 80.9% were 22C3 CPS ≥1. At IC ≥1% (+), the analytical concordance between SP142 and SP263 and 22C3 was 69.2% and 68.7%, respectively. Almost all SP142+ cases were captured by other assays (double positive), but several SP263+ (29.6%) or 22C3+ (29.0%) cases were SP142- (single positive). A+nP clinical activity vs placebo+nP in SP263+ and 22C3+ patients (progression-free survival [PFS] hazard ratios [HRs] = 0.64 to 0.68; overall survival [OS] HRs = 0.75 to 0.79) was driven by double-positive cases (PFS HRs = 0.60 to 0.61; OS HRs = 0.71 to 0.75) rather than single-positive cases (PFS HRs = 0.68 to 0.81; OS HRs = 0.87 to 0.95). Concordance for harmonized cutoffs for SP263 (IC ≥4%) and 22C3 (CPS ≥10) to SP142 (IC ≥1%) was subpar (approximately 75%).Conclusions22C3 and SP263 assays identified more patients as PD-L1+ (IC ≥1%) than SP142. No inter-assay analytical equivalency was observed. Consistent improved A+nP efficacy was captured by the SP142 PD-L1 IC ≥1% subgroup nested within 22C3 and SP263 PD-L1+ (IC ≥1%) populations.
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- 2021
32. Cell‐to‐cell and type‐to‐type heterogeneity of signaling networks: insights from the crowd
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Gabor, Attila, Tognetti, Marco, Driessen, Alice, Tanevski, Jovan, Guo, Baosen, Cao, Wencai, Shen, He, Yu, Thomas, Chung, Verena, Bodenmiller, Bernd, Saez‐Rodriguez, Julio, Prusokas, Augustinas, Prusokas, Alidivinas, Retkute, Renata, Rajasekar, Anand, Raman, Karthik, Sudhakar, Malvika, Rengaswamy, Raghunathan, Shih, Edward SC, Kim, Min‐jeong, Cho, Changje, Kim, Dohyang, Oh, Hyeju, Hwang, Jinseub, Jongtae, Kim, Nam, Yeongeun, Yoon, Sanghoo, Kwon, Taeyong, Lee, Kyeongjun, Chaudhary, Sarika, Sharma, Nehal, Bande, Shreya, Cankut Cubuk, Gao Gao fan zhu, Gundogdu, Pelin, Dopazo, Joaquin, Rian, Kinza, Loucera, Carlos, Falco, Matias M, Garrido‐Rodriguez, Martin, Peña‐Chilet, Maria, Chen, Huiyuan, Turu, Gabor, Hunyadi, Laszlo, Misak, Adam, Zhou, Lisheng, Jiang, Xiaoqing, Zhang, Pieta, Rai, Aakansha, Kutum, Rintu, Rana, Sadhna, Srinivasan, Rajgopal, Pradhan, Swatantra, Li, James, Bajic, Vladimir, Van Neste, Christophe, Barradas‐bautista, Didier, Albarade, Somayah Abdullah, Nikolskiy, Igor, Sinkala, Musalula, Tran, Duc, Nguyen, Hung, Nguyen, Tin, Wu, Alexander, DeMeo, Benjamin, Hie, Brian, Singh, Rohit, Liu, Jiwei, Chen, Xueer, Saiz, Leonor, Vilar, Jose MG, Qiu, Peng, Gosain, Akash, Dhall, Anjali, Bajaj, Dinesh, Kaur, Harpreet, Bagaria, Krishna, Chauhan, Mayank, Sharma, Neelam, Raghava, Gajendra, Patiyal, Sumeet, Hao, Jianye, Peng, Jiajie, Ning, Shangyi, Ma, Yi, Wei, Zhongyu, Aalto, Atte, Goncalves, Jorge, Mombaerts, Laurent, Dai, Xinnan, Zheng, Jie, Mundra, Piyushkumar, Xu, Fan, Wang, Jie, Kant Singh, Krishna, and Lee, Mingyu
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Cancer ,Breast Cancer ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Underpinning research ,Generic health relevance ,Breast Neoplasms ,Female ,Humans ,Machine Learning ,Proteins ,Signal Transduction ,cell signaling ,crowdsourcing ,mass cytometry ,predictive modeling ,single cell ,Single Cell Signaling in Breast Cancer DREAM Consortium members ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Other Biological Sciences ,Bioinformatics - Abstract
Recent technological developments allow us to measure the status of dozens of proteins in individual cells. This opens the way to understand the heterogeneity of complex multi-signaling networks across cells and cell types, with important implications to understand and treat diseases such as cancer. These technologies are, however, limited to proteins for which antibodies are available and are fairly costly, making predictions of new markers and of existing markers under new conditions a valuable alternative. To assess our capacity to make such predictions and boost further methodological development, we organized the Single Cell Signaling in Breast Cancer DREAM challenge. We used a mass cytometry dataset, covering 36 markers in over 4,000 conditions totaling 80 million single cells across 67 breast cancer cell lines. Through four increasingly difficult subchallenges, the participants predicted missing markers, new conditions, and the time-course response of single cells to stimuli in the presence and absence of kinase inhibitors. The challenge results show that despite the stochastic nature of signal transduction in single cells, the signaling events are tightly controlled and machine learning methods can accurately predict new experimental data.
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- 2021
33. Bradyarrhythmias in Cardio-Oncology.
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Fonseca, Marta, Cheng, Evaline, Do, Duc, Haldar, Shouvik, Kutty, Shelby, Yang, Eric H, Ghosh, Arjun K, and Guha, Avirup
- Abstract
The relationship between bradyarrhythmias and cancer therapies has not been well described but is increasingly recognized. There have been extensive advances in oncological pharmacotherapy, with several new classes of drugs available including targeted agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T cell therapy. This increasing repertoire of available drugs has revolutionized overall prognosis and survival of cancer patients but the true extent of their cardiovascular toxicity is only beginning to be understood. Previous studies and published reviews have traditionally focused on conventional chemotherapies and in arrhythmias in general, particularly tachyarrhythmias. The number of patients with both cancer and cardiovascular problems is increasing globally and oncologists and cardiologists need to be adept at managing arrythmia based scenarios. Greater collaboration between the two specialties including studies with prospective data collection in Cardio-Oncology are much needed to fill in knowledge gaps in this arena. This case-based review summarizes current available evidence of cancer treatment-related bradyarrhythmia incidence (including its different subtypes), possible mechanisms and outcomes. Furthermore, we propose a stepwise surveillance and management protocol for patients with suspected bradyarrhythmia related to cancer treatment.
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- 2021
34. Genetic surveillance in the Greater Mekong subregion and South Asia to support malaria control and elimination.
- Author
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Jacob, Christopher G, Thuy-Nhien, Nguyen, Mayxay, Mayfong, Maude, Richard J, Quang, Huynh Hong, Hongvanthong, Bouasy, Vanisaveth, Viengxay, Ngo Duc, Thang, Rekol, Huy, van der Pluijm, Rob, von Seidlein, Lorenz, Fairhurst, Rick, Nosten, François, Hossain, Md Amir, Park, Naomi, Goodwin, Scott, Ringwald, Pascal, Chindavongsa, Keobouphaphone, Newton, Paul, Ashley, Elizabeth, Phalivong, Sonexay, Maude, Rapeephan, Leang, Rithea, Huch, Cheah, Dong, Le Thanh, Nguyen, Kim-Tuyen, Nhat, Tran Minh, Hien, Tran Tinh, Nguyen, Hoa, Zdrojewski, Nicole, Canavati, Sara, Sayeed, Abdullah Abu, Uddin, Didar, Buckee, Caroline, Fanello, Caterina I, Onyamboko, Marie, Peto, Thomas, Tripura, Rupam, Amaratunga, Chanaki, Myint Thu, Aung, Delmas, Gilles, Landier, Jordi, Parker, Daniel M, Chau, Nguyen Hoang, Lek, Dysoley, Suon, Seila, Callery, James, Jittamala, Podjanee, Hanboonkunupakarn, Borimas, Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon, Phyo, Aung Pyae, Smithuis, Frank, Lin, Khin, Thant, Myo, Hlaing, Tin Maung, Satpathi, Parthasarathi, Satpathi, Sanghamitra, Behera, Prativa K, Tripura, Amar, Baidya, Subrata, Valecha, Neena, Anvikar, Anupkumar R, Ul Islam, Akhter, Faiz, Abul, Kunasol, Chanon, Drury, Eleanor, Kekre, Mihir, Ali, Mozam, Love, Katie, Rajatileka, Shavanthi, Jeffreys, Anna E, Rowlands, Kate, Hubbart, Christina S, Dhorda, Mehul, Vongpromek, Ranitha, Kotanan, Namfon, Wongnak, Phrutsamon, Almagro Garcia, Jacob, Pearson, Richard D, Ariani, Cristina V, Chookajorn, Thanat, Malangone, Cinzia, Nguyen, T, Stalker, Jim, Jeffery, Ben, Keatley, Jonathan, Johnson, Kimberly J, Muddyman, Dawn, Chan, Xin Hui S, Sillitoe, John, Amato, Roberto, Simpson, Victoria, Gonçalves, Sonia, Rockett, Kirk, Day, Nicholas P, Dondorp, Arjen M, Kwiatkowski, Dominic P, and Miotto, Olivo
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asia ,drug resistance ,epidemiology ,genetic surveillance ,global health ,infectious disease ,malaria ,microbiology ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology - Abstract
BackgroundNational Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) currently make limited use of parasite genetic data. We have developed GenRe-Mekong, a platform for genetic surveillance of malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) that enables NMCPs to implement large-scale surveillance projects by integrating simple sample collection procedures in routine public health procedures.MethodsSamples from symptomatic patients are processed by SpotMalaria, a high-throughput system that produces a comprehensive set of genotypes comprising several drug resistance markers, species markers and a genomic barcode. GenRe-Mekong delivers Genetic Report Cards, a compendium of genotypes and phenotype predictions used to map prevalence of resistance to multiple drugs.ResultsGenRe-Mekong has worked with NMCPs and research projects in eight countries, processing 9623 samples from clinical cases. Monitoring resistance markers has been valuable for tracking the rapid spread of parasites resistant to the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine combination therapy. In Vietnam and Laos, GenRe-Mekong data have provided novel knowledge about the spread of these resistant strains into previously unaffected provinces, informing decision-making by NMCPs.ConclusionsGenRe-Mekong provides detailed knowledge about drug resistance at a local level, and facilitates data sharing at a regional level, enabling cross-border resistance monitoring and providing the public health community with valuable insights. The project provides a rich open data resource to benefit the entire malaria community.FundingThe GenRe-Mekong project is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP11188166, OPP1204268). Genotyping and sequencing were funded by the Wellcome Trust (098051, 206194, 203141, 090770, 204911, 106698/B/14/Z) and Medical Research Council (G0600718). A proportion of samples were collected with the support of the UK Department for International Development (201900, M006212), and Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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- 2021
35. Mitochondrial Proteostasis Requires Genes Encoded in a Neurodevelopmental Syndrome Locus
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Gokhale, Avanti, Lee, Chelsea E, Zlatic, Stephanie A, Freeman, Amanda AH, Shearing, Nicole, Hartwig, Cortnie, Ogunbona, Oluwaseun, Bassell, Julia L, Wynne, Meghan E, Werner, Erica, Xu, Chongchong, Wen, Zhexing, Duong, Duc, Seyfried, Nicholas T, Bearden, Carrie E, Oláh, Viktor János, Rowan, Matthew JM, Glausier, Jill R, Lewis, David A, and Faundez, Victor
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Genetics ,Neurosciences ,Mental Health ,Pediatric ,Brain Disorders ,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) ,Autism ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Underpinning research ,Generic health relevance ,Neurological ,Animals ,Cell Line ,Developmental Disabilities ,Drosophila ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Humans ,Mitochondria ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,Neurogenesis ,Organic Anion Transporters ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Proteostasis ,Rats ,Rats ,Sprague-Dawley ,Ribonucleoproteins ,Ribosomal Proteins ,Ribosomes ,22q11.2 ,CNV ,mitochondria ,neurodevelopmental ,protein synthesis ,schizophrenia ,synapse ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery - Abstract
Eukaryotic cells maintain proteostasis through mechanisms that require cytoplasmic and mitochondrial translation. Genetic defects affecting cytoplasmic translation perturb synapse development, neurotransmission, and are causative of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Fragile X syndrome. In contrast, there is little indication that mitochondrial proteostasis, either in the form of mitochondrial protein translation and/or degradation, is required for synapse development and function. Here we focus on two genes deleted in a recurrent copy number variation causing neurodevelopmental disorders, the 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome. We demonstrate that SLC25A1 and MRPL40, two genes present in the microdeleted segment and whose products localize to mitochondria, interact and are necessary for mitochondrial ribosomal integrity and proteostasis. Our Drosophila studies show that mitochondrial ribosome function is necessary for synapse neurodevelopment, function, and behavior. We propose that mitochondrial proteostasis perturbations, either by genetic or environmental factors, are a pathogenic mechanism for neurodevelopmental disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The balance between cytoplasmic protein synthesis and degradation, or cytoplasmic proteostasis, is required for normal synapse function and neurodevelopment. Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomes are necessary for two compartmentalized, yet interdependent, forms of proteostasis. Proteostasis dependent on cytoplasmic ribosomes is a well-established target of genetic defects that cause neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism. Here we show that the mitochondrial ribosome is a neurodevelopmentally regulated organelle whose function is required for synapse development and function. We propose that defective mitochondrial proteostasis is a mechanism with the potential to contribute to neurodevelopmental disease.
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- 2021
36. Atezolizumab and nab-Paclitaxel in Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Biomarker Evaluation of the IMpassion130 Study
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Emens, Leisha A, Molinero, Luciana, Loi, Sherene, Rugo, Hope S, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Diéras, Véronique, Iwata, Hiroji, Barrios, Carlos H, Nechaeva, Marina, Duc, Anh Nguyen, Chui, Stephen Y, Husain, Amreen, Winer, Eric P, Adams, Sylvia, and Schmid, Peter
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Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Cancer ,Clinical Research ,Breast Cancer ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Good Health and Well Being ,Albumins ,Antibodies ,Monoclonal ,Humanized ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,B7-H1 Antigen ,Biomarkers ,Humans ,Lymphocytes ,Tumor-Infiltrating ,Paclitaxel ,Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
BackgroundUnderstanding the impact of the tumor immune microenvironment and BRCA1/2-related DNA repair deficiencies on the clinical activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors may help optimize both patient and treatment selection in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. In this substudy from the phase 3 IMpassion130 trial, immune biomarkers and BRCA1/2 alterations were evaluated for association with clinical benefit with atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel (A+nP) vs placebo and nP in unresectable (P+nP) locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned 1:1 to nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle) and atezolizumab 840 mg every 2 weeks or placebo until progression or toxicity. Progression-free survival and overall survival were evaluated based on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on immune cells (IC) and tumor cells, intratumoral CD8, stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and BRCA1/2 mutations.ResultsPD-L1 IC+ in either primary or metastatic tumor tissue was linked to progression-free survival and overall survival benefit with A+nP. PD-L1 IC+ low (26.9%; 243 of 902 patients) and high (13.9%; 125 of 902 patients) populations had improved outcomes that were comparable. Intratumoral CD8 and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes positivity (sTIL+) were associated with PD-L1 IC+ status; improved outcomes were observed with A+nP vs P+nP only in CD8+ and sTIL+ patients who were also PD-L1 IC+. BRCA1/2 mutations (occurring in 14.5% [89 of 612 patients]) were not associated with PD-L1 IC status, and PD-L1 IC+ patients benefited from A+nP regardless of BRCA1/2 mutation status.ConclusionsAlthough A+nP was more efficacious in patients with richer tumor immune microenvironment, clinical benefit was only observed in patients whose tumors were PD-L1 IC+.
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- 2021
37. Incessant Atrial Tachycardia as First Presentation of Cardiac Angiosarcoma
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Nguyen, Heajung L, Do, Duc, Han, Janet K, Boyle, Noel, Lewis, Michael, and Feliciano, Zenaida
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular ,Heart Disease ,AT ,atrial tachycardia ,CMR ,cardiac magnetic resonance ,EF ,ejection fraction ,RA ,right atrial ,RAA ,right atrial appendage ,SVC ,superior vena cava ,TTE ,transthoracic echocardiogram ,atrial tachycardia ,cardiac angiosarcoma - Abstract
Primary cardiac angiosarcomas are rare malignant tumors with a very poor prognosis. We present a case of a 48-year-old man with no previous cardiac history who developed an incessant focal atrial tachycardia complicated by tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy as a consequence of cardiac angiosarcoma. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).
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- 2021
38. EGGTART: A tool to visualize the dynamics of biophysical transport under the inhomogeneous l-TASEP
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Erdmann-Pham, Dan D, Son, Wonjun, Dao Duc, Khanh, and Song, Yun S
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Biological Sciences ,Chemical Sciences ,Physical Sciences ,Bioengineering ,Biological Transport ,Biophysics ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Biological sciences ,Chemical sciences ,Physical sciences - Abstract
The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP), which describes the stochastic dynamics of interacting particles on a lattice, has been actively studied over the past several decades and applied to model important biological transport processes. Here, we present a software package, called EGGTART (Extensive GUI gives TASEP-realization in Real Time), which quantifies and visualizes the dynamics associated with a generalized version of the TASEP with an extended particle size and heterogeneous jump rates. This computational tool is based on analytic formulas obtained from deriving and solving the hydrodynamic limit of the process. It allows an immediate quantification of the particle density, flux, and phase diagram, as a function of a few key parameters associated with the system, which would be difficult to achieve via conventional stochastic simulations. Our software should therefore be of interest to biophysicists studying general transport processes and can in particular be used in the context of gene expression to model and quantify mRNA translation of different coding sequences.
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- 2021
39. Pancreatic progenitor epigenome maps prioritize type 2 diabetes risk genes with roles in development.
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Geusz, Ryan J, Wang, Allen, Chiou, Joshua, Lancman, Joseph J, Wetton, Nichole, Kefalopoulou, Samy, Wang, Jinzhao, Qiu, Yunjiang, Yan, Jian, Aylward, Anthony, Ren, Bing, Dong, P Duc Si, Gaulton, Kyle J, and Sander, Maike
- Subjects
GWAS ,Type 2 diabetes ,Zebrafish ,chromatin ,developmental biology ,genetics ,genomics ,hESC ,human ,pancreas ,zebrafish ,Cancer ,Stem Cell Research ,Regenerative Medicine ,Rare Diseases ,Digestive Diseases ,Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Human ,Diabetes ,Pancreatic Cancer ,Genetics ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology - Abstract
Genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk affect gene regulation in metabolically relevant tissues, such as pancreatic islets. Here, we investigated contributions of regulatory programs active during pancreatic development to T2D risk. Generation of chromatin maps from developmental precursors throughout pancreatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) identifies enrichment of T2D variants in pancreatic progenitor-specific stretch enhancers that are not active in islets. Genes associated with progenitor-specific stretch enhancers are predicted to regulate developmental processes, most notably tissue morphogenesis. Through gene editing in hESCs, we demonstrate that progenitor-specific enhancers harboring T2D-associated variants regulate cell polarity genes LAMA1 and CRB2. Knockdown of lama1 or crb2 in zebrafish embryos causes a defect in pancreas morphogenesis and impairs islet cell development. Together, our findings reveal that a subset of T2D risk variants specifically affects pancreatic developmental programs, suggesting that dysregulation of developmental processes can predispose to T2D.
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- 2021
40. Massive Air Embolism During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Averting Disaster in a Time of Crisis.
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Do, Duc H, Khakpour, Houman, Krokhaleva, Yuliya, Mori, Shumpei, Bradfield, Jason, Boyle, Noel G, and Shivkumar, Kalyanam
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AF ,atrial fibrillation ,LAA ,left atrial appendage ,LV ,left ventricle ,RCA ,right coronary artery ,air embolism ,atrial fibrillation ,catheter ablation ,Cardiovascular ,Heart Disease - Abstract
A 62-year-old male with symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation. During exchange of the saline irrigation bag, the patient developed sudden hypotension and bradycardia and was found to have a massive air embolism. Air was successfully aspirated with catheters, and the patient did not suffer any permanent sequelae. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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- 2021
41. Arrhythmic Risk Profile and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation for Recurrent Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia After Ablation
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Dusi, Veronica, Gornbein, Jeffrey, H., Duc, Sorg, Julie M, Khakpour, Houman, Krokhaleva, Yuliya, Ajijola, Olujimi A, Macias, Carlos, Bradfield, Jason S, Buch, Eric, Fujimura, Osamu A, Boyle, Noel G, Yanagawa, Jane, Lee, Jay M, Shivkumar, Kalyanam, and Vaseghi, Marmar
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Cardiovascular ,Heart Disease ,Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ,Catheter Ablation ,Cicatrix ,Comorbidity ,Defibrillators ,Implantable ,Electrophysiologic Techniques ,Cardiac ,Female ,Heart ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Risk Adjustment ,Secondary Prevention ,Sympathectomy ,Tachycardia ,Ventricular ,United States ,ablation ,autonomic ,cardiac sympathetic denervation ,ventricular tachycardia ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology - Abstract
Background Cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) has been used as a bailout strategy for refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). Risk of VT recurrence in patients with scar-related monomorphic VT referred for CSD and the extent to which CSD can modify this risk is unknown. We aimed to quantify arrhythmia recurrence risk and impact of CSD in this population. Methods and Results Adjusted competing risk time to event models were developed to adjust for risk of VT recurrence and sustained VT/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks after VT ablation based on patient comorbidities at the time of VT ablation. Adjusted VT and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock recurrence rates were estimated for the subgroup who subsequently required CSD after ablation. The expected adjusted recurrence rates were then compared with the observed rates after CSD. Data from 381 patients with scar-mediated monomorphic VT who underwent VT ablation were analyzed, excluding patients with polymorphic VT. Sixty eight patients underwent CSD for recurrent VT. CSD reduced the expected adjusted VT recurrence rate by 36% (expected rate of 5.61 versus observed rate of 3.58 per 100 person-months, P=0.01) and the sustained VT/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock rates by 34% (expected rate of 4.34 versus observed 2.85 per 100 person-months, P=0.03). The median number of sustained VT/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks in the year before versus the year after CSD was reduced by 90% (10 versus 1, P
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- 2021
42. General Light-Mediated, Highly Diastereoselective Piperidine Epimerization: From Most Accessible to Most Stable Stereoisomer
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Shen, Zican, Walker, Morgan M, Chen, Shuming, Parada, Giovanny A, Chu, Duc M, Dongbang, Sun, Mayer, James M, Houk, KN, and Ellman, Jonathan A
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Catalysis ,Coordination Complexes ,Hydrogen ,Iridium ,Light ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Piperidines ,Stereoisomerism ,Chemical Sciences ,General Chemistry - Abstract
We report a combined photocatalytic and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) approach for the light-mediated epimerization of readily accessible piperidines to provide the more stable diastereomer with high selectivity. The generality of the transformation was explored for a large variety of di- to tetrasubstituted piperidines with aryl, alkyl, and carboxylic acid derivatives at multiple different sites. Piperidines without substitution on nitrogen as well as N-alkyl and aryl derivatives were effective epimerization substrates. The observed diastereoselectivities correlate with the calculated relative stabilities of the isomers. Demonstration of reaction reversibility, luminescence quenching, deuterium labeling studies, and quantum yield measurements provide information about the mechanism.
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- 2021
43. A modular microfluidic system based on a multilayered configuration to generate large-scale perfusable microvascular networks.
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Yue, Tao, Zhao, Da, Phan, Duc TT, Wang, Xiaolin, Park, Joshua Jonghyun, Biviji, Zayn, Hughes, Christopher CW, and Lee, Abraham P
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Engineering ,Microfluidics - Abstract
The vascular network of the circulatory system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. In this paper, a novel modular microfluidic system with a vertical two-layered configuration is developed to generate large-scale perfused microvascular networks in vitro. The two-layer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) configuration allows the tissue chambers and medium channels not only to be designed and fabricated independently but also to be aligned and bonded accordingly. This method can produce a modular microfluidic system that has high flexibility and scalability to design an integrated platform with multiple perfused vascularized tissues with high densities. The medium channel was designed with a rhombic shape and fabricated to be semiclosed to form a capillary burst valve in the vertical direction, serving as the interface between the medium channels and tissue chambers. Angiogenesis and anastomosis at the vertical interface were successfully achieved by using different combinations of tissue chambers and medium channels. Various large-scale microvascular networks were generated and quantified in terms of vessel length and density. Minimal leakage of the perfused 70-kDa FITC-dextran confirmed the lumenization of the microvascular networks and the formation of tight vertical interconnections between the microvascular networks and medium channels in different structural layers. This platform enables the culturing of interconnected, large-scale perfused vascularized tissue networks with high density and scalability for a wide range of multiorgan-on-a-chip applications, including basic biological studies and drug screening.
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- 2021
44. Quantitative Evaluation of Cardiac Cell Interactions and Responses to Cyclic Strain
- Author
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Tran, Richard Duc Hien, Morris, Tessa Altair, Gonzalez, Daniela, Hetta, Ali Hatem Salaheldin Hassan Ahmed, and Grosberg, Anna
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular ,Heart Disease ,Bioengineering ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Actins ,Cell Communication ,Coculture Techniques ,Fibroblasts ,Myocardium ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Stress ,Mechanical ,heart tissue organization ,cell type classification ,cyclic strain ,intercellular junctions ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
The heart has a dynamic mechanical environment contributed by its unique cellular composition and the resultant complex tissue structure. In pathological heart tissue, both the mechanics and cell composition can change and influence each other. As a result, the interplay between the cell phenotype and mechanical stimulation needs to be considered to understand the biophysical cell interactions and organization in healthy and diseased myocardium. In this work, we hypothesized that the overall tissue organization is controlled by varying densities of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts in the heart. In order to test this hypothesis, we utilized a combination of mechanical strain, co-cultures of different cell types, and inhibitory drugs that block intercellular junction formation. To accomplish this, an image analysis pipeline was developed to automatically measure cell type-specific organization relative to the stretch direction. The results indicated that cardiac cell type-specific densities influence the overall organization of heart tissue such that it is possible to model healthy and fibrotic heart tissue in vitro. This study provides insight into how to mimic the dynamic mechanical environment of the heart in engineered tissue as well as providing valuable information about the process of cardiac remodeling and repair in diseased hearts.
- Published
- 2021
45. Atezolizumab-induced Autoimmune Diabetes in a Patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report
- Author
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Clontz, Robert, Dang, Duc M., Hieger, Michelle A., and Becker, Brent A.
- Subjects
Atezolizumab ,autoimmune diabetes mellitus ,immune checkpoint inhibitors ,case report - Abstract
Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a class of immunotherapy drugs used increasingly in the treatment of multiple types of cancer. Major side effects include immune-related adverse effects, potentially resulting in damage to normal tissue across multiple different organ systems.Case Report: A 74-year-old woman with a history of triple negative metastatic breast cancer treated with the ICI atezolizumab presented with new-onset autoimmune diabetes in diabetic ketoacidosis. She required fluid resuscitation, insulin infusion, vasopressors, and initial hospitalization in the intensive care unit. The patient was subsequently discharged on bolus dose insulin and remained an insulin-dependent diabetic at three-month follow-up.Conclusion: Autoimmune diabetes is a rare, but life-threatening, adverse event associated with ICIs such as atezolizumab. To our knowledge this is the only case report of atezolizumab causing autoimmune diabetes in the setting of metastatic breast cancer. As ICIs become more common in the treatment of cancer, emergency physicians should remain vigilant for the various immune-mediated complications associated with this class of immunotherapy drugs.
- Published
- 2021
46. Massive Air Embolism During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Averting Disaster in a Time of Crisis
- Author
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H., Duc, Khakpour, Houman, Krokhaleva, Yuliya, Mori, Shumpei, Bradfield, Jason, Boyle, Noel G, and Shivkumar, Kalyanam
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular ,Heart Disease ,AF ,atrial fibrillation ,LAA ,left atrial appendage ,LV ,left ventricle ,RCA ,right coronary artery ,air embolism ,atrial fibrillation ,catheter ablation - Abstract
A 62-year-old male with symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation. During exchange of the saline irrigation bag, the patient developed sudden hypotension and bradycardia and was found to have a massive air embolism. Air was successfully aspirated with catheters, and the patient did not suffer any permanent sequelae. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
- Published
- 2021
47. Assessment of climate change impacts on one of the rarest apes on Earth, the Cao Vit Gibbon Nomascus nasutus
- Author
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Trinh-Dinh, Hoang, Nguyen, Anh Tuan, Le, Minh Duc, Li, Xingkang, Cao, Nhung Thi Hong, and Blair, Mary E.
- Subjects
bioclimate envelope ,China ,conservation planning ,cross-border conservation ,Nomascus nasutus ,species distribution modeling ,sprecies reintroduction ,Vietnam - Abstract
The Cao Vit Gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) is a critically endangered species of gibbon that was historically wide-ranging but is now known to occupy only one forest patch that straddles the China-Vietnam border. While past and current threats to the species include poaching and habitat destruction, the potential effects of global climate change on this species and its current habitat are still poorly known. Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) is often used to predict the risk of potential species distribution shifts in response to climate change and inform conservation planning including restoration and reintroduction efforts. Here, we present optimally tuned SDMs to predict climatically suitable habitat for N. nasutus, projected under a range of future climate change scenarios. Our SDMs showed high predictive performance and successfully predicted the current known range, but also showed expected areas of overprediction to a much wider area that likely reflects the historical distribution of the Cao Vit Gibbon across southern China and northern Vietnam. SDMs that projected across a range of future scenarios estimated an overall loss in total area of climatically suitable habitat, with the average value of about -23,000 km2 in 2041 – 2060 period and about -25,000 km2 in 2061 – 2080 period, compared to the current predicted range, but they also predicted the currently occupied Trung Khanh-Jingxi Forest as suitable across all future scenarios. Thus, some of the predicted climatically suitable areas that are close to the current known range may be worth targeting for future habitat restoration and population re-establishment and recovery efforts, while balancing other threats and management concerns.
- Published
- 2021
48. Human in vitro vascularized micro-organ and micro-tumor models are reproducible organ-on-a-chip platforms for studies of anticancer drugs
- Author
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Liu, Yizhong, Sakolish, Courtney, Chen, Zunwei, Phan, Duc TT, Bender, R Hugh F, Hughes, Christopher CW, and Rusyn, Ivan
- Subjects
Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Bioengineering ,Cancer ,Biotechnology ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Generic health relevance ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Dose-Response Relationship ,Drug ,Endothelial Cells ,HCT116 Cells ,Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ,Humans ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Neoplasms ,Neovascularization ,Pathologic ,Organ Culture Techniques ,Reproducibility of Results ,Endothelial cell ,Microphysiological system ,Drug safety evaluation ,Tissue chip ,Toxicology ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex process that is required for development and tissue regeneration and it may be affected by many pathological conditions. Chemicals and drugs can impact formation and maintenance of the vascular networks; these effects may be both desirable (e.g., anti-cancer drugs) or unwanted (e.g., side effects of drugs). A number of in vivo and in vitro models exist for studies of angiogenesis and endothelial cell function, including organ-on-a-chip microphysiological systems. An arrayed organ-on-a-chip platform on a 96-well plate footprint that incorporates perfused microvessels, with and without tumors, was recently developed and it was shown that survival of the surrounding tissue was dependent on delivery of nutrients through the vessels. Here we describe a technology transfer of this complex microphysiological model between laboratories and demonstrate that reproducibility and robustness of these tissue chip-enabled experiments depend primarily on the source of the endothelial cells. The model was highly reproducible between laboratories and was used to demonstrate the advantages of the perfusable vascular networks for drug safety evaluation. As a proof-of-concept, we tested Fluorouracil (1-1,000 μM), Vincristine (1-1,000 nM), and Sorafenib (0.1-100 μM), in the perfusable and non-perfusable micro-organs, and in a colon cancer-containing micro-tumor model. Tissue chip experiments were compared to the traditional monolayer cultures of endothelial or tumor cells. These studies showed that human in vitro vascularized micro-organ and micro-tumor models are reproducible organ-on-a-chip platforms for studies of anticancer drugs. The data from the 3D models confirmed advantages of the physiological environment as compared to 2D cell cultures. We demonstrated how these models can be translated into practice by verifying that the endothelial cell source and passage are critical elements for establishing a perfusable model.
- Published
- 2020
49. Temperature-Dependent Model for Small-Strain Shear Modulus of Unsaturated Soils
- Author
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Vahedifard, Farshid, Thota, Sannith Kumar, Cao, Toan Duc, Samarakoon, Radhavi Abeysiridara, and McCartney, John S
- Subjects
Unsaturated soils ,Temperature ,Shear modulus ,Silt ,Stiffness ,Suction ,Effective stress ,Civil Engineering ,Environmental Engineering ,Geological & Geomatics Engineering - Published
- 2020
50. West Nile virus in California, 2003-2018: A persistent threat.
- Author
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Snyder, Robert E, Feiszli, Tina, Foss, Leslie, Messenger, Sharon, Fang, Ying, Barker, Christopher M, Reisen, William K, Vugia, Duc J, Padgett, Kerry A, and Kramer, Vicki L
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Tropical Medicine - Abstract
The California Arbovirus Surveillance Program was initiated over 50 years ago to track endemic encephalitides and was enhanced in 2000 to include West Nile virus (WNV) infections in humans, mosquitoes, sentinel chickens, dead birds and horses. This comprehensive statewide program is a function of strong partnerships among the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), the University of California, and local vector control and public health agencies. This manuscript summarizes WNV surveillance data in California since WNV was first detected in 2003 in southern California. From 2003 through 2018, 6,909 human cases of WNV disease, inclusive of 326 deaths, were reported to CDPH, as well as 730 asymptomatic WNV infections identified during screening of blood and organ donors. Of these, 4,073 (59.0%) were reported as West Nile neuroinvasive disease. California's WNV disease burden comprised 15% of all cases that were reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during this time, more than any other state. Additionally, 1,299 equine WNV cases were identified, along with detections of WNV in 23,322 dead birds, 31,695 mosquito pools, and 7,340 sentinel chickens. Annual enzootic detection of WNV typically preceded detection in humans and prompted enhanced intervention to reduce the risk of WNV transmission. Peak WNV activity occurred from July through October in the Central Valley and southern California. Less than five percent of WNV activity occurred in other regions of the state or outside of this time. WNV continues to be a major threat to public and wild avian health in California, particularly in southern California and the Central Valley during summer and early fall months. Local and state public health partners must continue statewide human and mosquito surveillance and facilitate effective mosquito control and bite prevention measures.
- Published
- 2020
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