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The study aimed to explore the challenges and difficulties faced by Islamic financial inclusion through Islamic financial institutions (banks, microfinance, insurance) in women's economic empowerment in Yemen. This will lead to enhance women's place in economic development when finding appropriate solutions to these challenges. This study applied the qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with the experts comprising eighteen respondents in Islamic financial institutions. The result of respondents showed that there are a number of challenges and difficulties associated with the environment that have implications for overall institutional action and directly or indirectly contribute to women's economic empowerment. Where customs and traditions constitute the biggest external challenge facing Islamic financial institutions, as well as women's financial illiteracy, and the unstable political conditions that Yemen is going through. In addition to internal topics associated with the policies of those institutions themselves, they are ultimately subject to the impact of external problems and challenges. Furthermore, the results of the study will help decision-makers to activate the role of compulsory in society and implement effective plans and strategies to empower women economically.

This study aims to examine the effect of applying Total Quality Management (TQM) on the performance of Al-Waqf of Albr societies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Such charitable organizations lack transparency and are requested to provide adequate financial disclosure. The lack of internal control and scrutiny negatively affects their performance. The study relies on Deming's 14-Point to assess Waqf quality control and effective management and leadership styles. The analysis is qualitative. Interviews and case studies were used to achieve the research objectives. The study fills the research gap and weighs the impact of TQM application for charitable organizations in Saudi Arabia.

The study aimed to clarify the importance of accounting disclosure on the behavior of Cash Waqf (endowments) contributors through the theoretical approach and literature review. In addition, the study tests whether obligatory annual financial statements may facilitate communication between organizations and their shareholders, as the research problem lies in lack of commitment or availability of financial reports. The study uses the qualitative approach through the theoretical method and literature review. The study found that the there are deficient studies in this field, especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, that is through reviewing previous literature, which prompted the researchers to continue this study in order to answer research questions and achieve the research objectives.