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The authors have reviewed 37 operated cases of ulnar nerve compression, on the level of the elbow and the wrist, with a minimum follow-up of one year. Traumatic etiologies are more common on these two levels. The authors find 32% of pure entrapment syndromes at the elbow, whereas this phenomenon does not seem to exist at the Guyon's loge. Mac Gowan's classification was used to range the patients in three degrees, according to the importance of the palsy before operation. Surgical treatment was is all cases, at least decompression. At the elbow was added anterior transposition of ulnar nerve beneath epitrochleal muscles or beneath the skin. Considering the results, these lesions are all the more severe, as they are higher (elbow) and more advanced.

Tuberculosis of tendon sheaths of the hand was rare before the advent of antituberculous drugs. It seems now-a-days exceptional, for the published series become more an more uncommon and smaller. Therefore, the diagnosis is often an operative surprise on a patient with a painless, gradually developing tenosynovitis. No patient suffered from other active tuberculosis. But two of them had an old history of tuberculosis (knee and kidney). Analysis of other cases is inconclusive about the relation ship between trauma and tuberculosis. Histology and cultures establish the diagnosis. Surgical treatment consists in large excision of involved tissues. The damages provoked by the illness are often important, with sometimes tendon ruptures. However, functional results are surprisingly not so bad. Antituberculous drugs are the backbone of the surgical treatment for several months.

Five cases are presented of hard, brawny, edema of the dorsum of the hand. Surgical interventions was doing in two cases, but the results were poor with persistent pain. We now believe splinting and active exercise to be the initial treatment of choice. Secretan's disease produces a quite extensive disability of the hand which lasted more than 6 months, often for years.

The radial forearm flap is used extensively in hand and reconstructive surgery. We have performed 31 radial forearm flaps (15 free and 16 pedicled flaps) in 25 adults and 5 children. This series was analyzed in an attempt to minimize the sequelae of the upper limb and provide more specific indications for this flap. Vascular sequelae were assessed by Doppler and thermography examinations. The functional sequelae were appreciated by wrist motion and grasp strength examinations. Cutaneous sequelae were evaluated according to the time of healing and the quality of the scars. Several technical modifications may be proposed in order to try to minimize sequelae. As shown by our study, cutaneous sequelae are the most important and they must always be considered in the indication of this flap.

The authors have treated a case of bilateral fracture of the scaphoid bone in a young man who had complete and bilateral lunato-triquetral synostosis, without any other associated congenital condition. Consolidation was obtained by orthopedic treatment on one side, but a Matti-Russe operation was necessary on the other. The authors emphasize but then rule out the hypothesis of a congenital bipartite scaphoid associated with the synostosis. A review of the literature on lunato-triquetral synostoses sums up the main points. The condition is rare in whites and occurs more frequently in blacks. It is sometimes associated with other congenital conditions. Four anatomic and radiologic types have been described. The pathogenic hypotheses, based on embryology, are summarized.

The intra-operative establishment of some impairments of the median nerve, in patients who are operated for carpal tunnel syndrome and who previously received several local injections of corticoids, led the authors to try to see the respective responsibility of the compression and of the injection in the degenerative process. In 60- dog cubital nerves, it has been possible, to study different parameters by intra and perineural (recurrent or not injections: the puncture, the dilatation, the solvents, the benzylic alcool and two long action corticoids very often used (triamcinolone acetonide, cortivazol). In the first of our series, the injections were done around the nerve and inside the nerve under visual or blind control (as for an infiltration). The nerves are then cut off after 1, 2, or 3 months. In the second of our series, the injections were done in the same way, but recurrently on the first, second and third month, and the nerve was cut off within the fourth month. An electrophysiological study was performed before taking the samples; they were then prepared for reading on the optical and electron microscope. The results show lesions characterized by an epineural spumous sediment, a localized decrease in the large fibers under the perineurium in the first and second series. These impairments seem to be diminishing with time. However when the injections are done recurrently, the lesions are more important, showing a wallerian degeneration and regeneration.