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Lettuce is a leafy vegetable widely used in industry for minimally processed products, in which the step of sanitization is the crucial moment for ensuring a safe food for consumption. Chlorinated compounds, mainly sodium hypochlorite, are the most used in Brazil, but the formation of trihalomethanes from this sanitizer is a drawback. Then, the search for alternative methods to sodium hypochlorite has been emerging as a matter of great interest. The suitability of chlorine dioxide (60 mg L(-1)/10 min), peracetic acid (100 mg L(-1)/15 min) and ozonated water (1.2 mg L(-1)/1 min) as alternative sanitizers to sodium hypochlorite (150 mg L(-1) free chlorine/15 min) were evaluated. Minimally processed lettuce washed with tap water for 1 min was used as a control. Microbiological analyses were performed in triplicate, before and after sanitization, and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of storage at 2 ± 1 °C with the product packaged on LDPE bags of 60 μm. It was evaluated total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., psicrotrophic and mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds. All samples of minimally processed lettuce showed absence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. The treatments of chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid and ozonated water promoted reduction of 2.5, 1.1 and 0.7 log cycle, respectively, on count of microbial load of minimally processed product and can be used as substitutes for sodium hypochlorite. These alternative compounds promoted a shelf-life of six days to minimally processed lettuce, while the shelf-life with sodium hypochlorite was 12 days.

Cenourete® is a cut and peeled mini carrot, produced by the abrasion of 55-60 mm cylindrical carrot root segments. The longer and the thinner the carrot root, the higher is the recovery of Cenourete®. Two new carrot genotypes obtained at Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, Brazil, populations 1012568 (P68) and 1012575 (P75), and the cultivar Esplanada were evaluated in relation to the production of roots for mini carrot manufacture. Two crops were cultivated in the summer of 2010-2011 under the densities 8, 10 and 12 lines/meter in order to obtain respectively 1.06, 1.33 and 1.60 million plants/ha and harvested approximately 3 months after sowing. We evaluated the total root production (kg/ha), the diameter, the length and the weight of individual roots and the production of root pieces 60 mm long with diameter in the ranges

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in concentrations of O2 and CO2 inside packages of minimally processed Pera orange. Previously selected oranges that were washed, sanitized, and chilled were peeled using hydrothermal treatment (immersion of fruits in water at 50 °C for 8 minutes). The peeled oranges were then packed in five different plastic packages under passive and active modified atmosphere (5% O2 + 10% CO2 + 85% N2). The fruits were stored at 6 °C and 12 °C. The package headspace gas composition was evaluated for twelve days at 6 °C and nine days at 12 °C. The polypropylene film (32 µm) promoted modified atmosphere similar to that initially injected (5% O2 + 10% CO2 + 85% N2) at 6 °C and 12 °C. With regard to the atmosphere modification system, the injection of a gas mixture anticipated achieving an equilibrium atmosphere inside the packages at 12 °C. At 6 °C, the gas composition inside the packages was kept close to that of the injection, but the equilibrium was not verified. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as mudanças nas concentrações de O2 e CO2 do interior de embalagens contendo laranja Pera minimamente processada. Laranjas previamente selecionadas, lavadas, sanitizadas e resfriadas foram descascadas por meio de tratamento hidrotérmico (imersão dos frutos em água a 50 °C por 8 minutos). Laranjas descascadas foram acondicionadas em cinco materiais de embalagem sob atmosfera modificada passiva e atmosfera modificada ativa (5% O2 + 10% CO2 + 85% N2). O armazenamento dos frutos foi realizado a 6 °C e 12 °C. A composição gasosa no interior das embalagens foi avaliada durante doze dias a 6 °C e durante 9 dias a 12 °C. O filme de polipropileno (32 µm) propiciou atmosfera modificada semelhante injetada inicialmente (5% O2 + 10% CO2 + 85% N2) a 6 °C e 12 °C. Em relação ao sistema de modificação da atmosfera, a injeção de mistura gasosa antecipou a atmosfera de equilíbrio, dentro das embalagens a 12 °C. A 6 °C, a composição gasosa dentro das embalagens foi mantida próxima dos níveis de injeção, mas o equilíbrio não foi verificado.

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência dos sanificantes hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) e de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) em diferentes concentrações sobre a vida de prateleira de pequi (Caryocar brasilense Cambess.) submetido a dois tipos de processamento mínimo: "caroço fatiado" e "caroço inteiro", e armazenados a 6 ± 1° C e 90 a 95% UR, durante 15 dias. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, disposto em um fatorial 2 x 6 x 5, ou seja, 2 tipos de processamento (caroços "fatiados" e "inteiros"), 6 tempos (0h, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 dias) e 5 tratamentos (controle, NaClO 50 ppm, NaClO 100 ppm, H2O2 4% e H2O2 6%), com 3 repetições. A cada três dias foram realizadas as análises: vitamina C, polifenoloxidase, peroxidase e cor (CIE L*a*b*). O pequi minimamente processado apresentou decréscimo nos teores de vitamina C ao longo do armazenamento. O caroço fatiado mostrou-se com maior atividade da enzima polifenoloxidase em relação ao inteiro. A interação significativa entre o corte, o sanificante e o tempo ocorreu para a variável peroxidase, tendo sido observado para o caroço fatiado tratado com os sanificantes H2O2 4 e 6% maior atividade dessa enzima. Observou-se a redução do valor de L*, durante o armazenamento do pequi minimamente processado, independente do sanificante utilizado, ocasionado pelo escurecimento do produto. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the influence of the sanitizers sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) 50 and 100 ppm and 4% and 6%, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the shelf life of fresh cut peki fruit (Caryocar brasilense Cambess.) submitted to two sorts of processing: "sliced stone" and whole stone", stored at 6 ± 1° C and 90 to 95% of RH for 15 days. The analyses were performed every three days. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design arranged by a 2 x 6 x 5 factorial, i.e. 2 sorts of processing ("sliced and whole stones"), 6 times (0h, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days) and 5 treatments (control, 50 ppm NaClO, 100 ppm NaClO, 4% H2O2 and 6% H2O2 ), with 3 replicates. Every three days, the following analyses were conducted: vitamin C, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase and color (CIE L*a*b*). The fresh cut peki fruit showed decreases in the contents of vitamin C during storage. The sliced stones showed itself with an increased activity of the enzyme polyphenoloxidase relative the whole one. The significant interaction cutting sanitizer and time was found for peroxidase, the sliced stones and the sanitizers 4% and 6% H2O2 having promoted the highest activity of that enzyme. Reduced value L* during the storage of fresh cut peki fruit was observed, independent of the used sanitizer, suggesting browning of the product.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de produto minimamente processado, à base de quatro hortaliças - abóbora, cenoura, chuchu e mandioquinha-salsa, armazenado a 5 ºC por 8 dias. Observou-se que os teores de umidade, fibra, proteína, cinza e fração glicídica das quatro hortaliças não foram afetados pelo tempo de armazenamento, entretanto o teor de extrato etéreo aumentou. Durante o armazenamento, o teor de vitamina C e de acidez titulável diminuiu em todas as hortaliças. O teor de β-caroteno do chuchu não alterou, entretanto, aumentou na abóbora, na cenoura e na mandioquinha-salsa. O pH das quatro hortaliças aumentou com o armazenamento. Os teores de sólidos solúveis da cenoura e da mandioquinha-salsa aumentaram, não sendo afetados na abóbora e no chuchu. As notas de aparência do "mix" não foram inferiores a 7 (gostei moderadamente), durante o armazenamento. Os coliformes a 35 ºC presentes no "mix" aumentaram e não foi constatada a presença de coliformes a 45 ºC e Salmonella sp. em nenhum tempo avaliado. Conclui-se que a vida útil, entendida sob os aspectos nutricionais, sensoriais e microbiológicos, pode ser estabelecida em 8 dias sob refrigeração para abóbora, cenoura, chuchu e mandioquinha-salsa submetidos ao processamento mínimo. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of fresh-cut products made up of four vegetables: pumpkin, carrot, chayote, and arracacha (peruvian carrot) stored at 5 ºC for 8 days. It was observed that the contents of humidity, fiber, protein, ash, and glucidic fraction of the four vegetables were not affected by the time of storage; however, the content of ethereal extract increased. During storage, the content of vitamin C and titratable acidity decreased in all the vegetables. The content of β-carotene of chayote did not change, whereas the content in the pumpkin, carrot, and the peruvian carrot increased. The pH of the four vegetables increased during storage. The contents of soluble solid of the carrot and the peruvian carrot increased, but they were not affected for the pumpkin and chayote. The "mix" appearance ratings were not lower than 7 (liked moderately) during storage showing product acceptance by the panelists. The coliforms at 35 ºC present in the mix increased during storage. No coliforms at 45 ºC and Salmonella sp. in were observed in the period of time studied. It can be said that, according to microbiological, sensorial, and nutritional aspects, the shelf-life of minimally processed pumpkin, carrot, chayote, and peruvian carrot is 8 days under refrigeration.

The quality of baby carrots may be associated to the standard of the raw material that in turn, may be influenced by agronomic practices. Thus, the effect of planting density and harvest age were assessed on physical and morphological characteristics, yield and end quality of intact and minimally processed carrots in the form of baby carrots. A randomized block experimental design was used with the density in the plots (4 x 20 cm and 4 x 7.5 cm) and the harvest age in the subplots (50, 57, 64, 71, 78, 85, 92, 99 and 106 days), with five replications. The experimental unit consisted of 25 plants. The assessments of diameter, length, yield, secondary phloem translocation with the cambio and total carotenoids were decisive in selecting the carrot harvest age for baby carrot manufacture. Under the 4 x 20 cm and 4 x 7.5 cm adensed conditions, harvested between 85 and 92 days, carrot roots became thinner and more orange in color (with maximum carotenoid accumulation), larger and with satisfactory yields and therefore more acceptable for minimal processing in the form of baby carrots. Thus the decision of populational density associated to harvest age will depend on the market demand, on price, quality and other variables. The use of adensed cropping with early harvests may lead to obtain carrots and respective baby carrots that are more acceptable for commercialization. A qualidade final de minicenoura pode estar associada ao padrão da matéria prima, que, por sua vez, pode ser influenciada por práticas agronômicas. Por isso, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da densidade de plantio e da idade de colheita em características físicas, morfológicas, no rendimento e na qualidade final de cenoura inteira e minimamente processada na forma de minicenoura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizado, tendo nas parcelas as densidades (4 x 20 cm e 4 x 7,5 cm) e nas subparcelas a idade de colheita (50, 57, 64, 71, 78, 85, 92, 99 e 106 dias), com 5 repetições onde a unidade experimental foi composta por 25 plantas. As características de diâmetro, comprimento, rendimento, descolamento do floema secundário com o câmbio e carotenóides totais foram decisivos para selecionar a idade de colheita de cenoura destinada à fabricação de minicenoura. Nos dois adensamentos estudados, as raízes colhidas entre 85 e 92 dias, tornaram-se mais finas, de cor mais laranja (com máximo acúmulo de carotenóides), maiores, com rendimentos satisfatórios e, portanto, mais aceitáveis ao processamento mínimo na forma de minicenoura. Logo, a decisão de uso de densidade populacional associado à idade para se realizar a colheita, dependerá da exigência do mercado, do preço, qualidade e de outras variáveis. O uso de adensamentos de cultivo associados com colheitas antecipadas pode proporcionar a obtenção de cenoura e respectivas minicenouras mais aceitáveis para comercialização.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:53:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-20612009000200014.pdf: 634498 bytes, checksum: a4399eb0a15825e40351e4cdf3dc00df (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-20612009000200014.pdf: 634498 bytes, checksum: a4399eb0a15825e40351e4cdf3dc00df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:43:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612009000200014.pdf: 634498 bytes, checksum: a4399eb0a15825e40351e4cdf3dc00df (MD5) S0101-20612009000200014.pdf.txt: 38698 bytes, checksum: 8ed49381e1221a536ce883dbcd673fc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:50:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612009000200014.pdf: 634498 bytes, checksum: a4399eb0a15825e40351e4cdf3dc00df (MD5) S0101-20612009000200014.pdf.txt: 38698 bytes, checksum: 8ed49381e1221a536ce883dbcd673fc9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:50:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612009000200014.pdf: 634498 bytes, checksum: a4399eb0a15825e40351e4cdf3dc00df (MD5) S0101-20612009000200014.pdf.txt: 38698 bytes, checksum: 8ed49381e1221a536ce883dbcd673fc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de couve-chinesa minimamente processada e tratada com cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2), ácido ascórbico (vitamina C), ácido etileno-diamino-tetracético (EDTA) e mantida sob refrigeração. Foram realizados os seguintes tratamentos: T1: testemunha (imersão em água contendo 50 mg L-1 clorin/5 minutos); T2: imersão em solução contendo CaCl2 a 1%/5 minutos; T3: imersão em solução contendo CaCl2 a 2%/5 minutos; T4: imersão em solução contendo vitamina C a 1%/5 minutos; T5: imersão em solução contendo Vitamina C a 2%/5 minutos; T6: imersão em solução contendo EDTA a 1%/5 minutos; e T7: imersão em solução contendo EDTA a 2%/5 minutos. Após a realização dos tratamentos a couve-chinesa foi centrifugada, embalada em bandejas de polietileno expandido, recoberta com policloreto de vinila (PVC) e armazenada em temperatura de 5 ± 1 °C e umidade relativa (UR) de 90 ± 2% por 8 dias. As análises físico-químicas, químicas e sensoriais foram realizadas de dois em dois dias. A presença de Salmonella foi verificada somente após a realização dos tratamentos. A partir dos resultados obtidos procedeu-se à análise de variância (ANAVA) e aplicou-se o teste de Tukey considerando-se um nível de significância p < 0,05. Houve influência significativa dos diferentes tratamentos nas características físico-químicas e químicas, como também nas avaliações da aparência geral e escurecimento. Não foi detectada presença de Salmonella em nenhum dos tratamentos realizados. de acordo com os resultados obtidos conclui-se que a couve-chinesa minimamente processada nas condições experimentais utilizadas só estaria apta para o consumo até o quarto dia de armazenamento. The present research aimed at evaluating the quality of minimally processed Chinese cabbage treated with calcium chloride (CaCl2), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and ethylene-diamine-tetracetic acid (EDTA) and kept under refrigeration. Treatments were as follows: T1: control (immersion in water containing 50 mg L-1 Clorin/5 minutes); T2: immersion in 1% CaCl2 solution/5 minutes; T3: immersion in 2% aCl2 solution/5 minutes; T4: immersion in 1% vitamin C solution/5 minutes; T5: immersion in 2% vitamin C solution/5 minutes, T6: immersion in 1% EDTA solution/5 minutes; and T7: immersion in 2% EDTA solution/5 minutes. After the treatments, the Chinese cabbage was centrifuged, wrapped with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in trays of expanded polyethylene and stored at 5 ± 1ºC and 90 ± 2% of relative humidity for 8 days. Physicochemical, chemical, and sensorial analyses were carried out on alternate days. The presence of Salmonella was verified only after treatments. Analysis of variance (ANAVA) and the Tukey's test, at 5% significance level, were also carried out. All different treatments significantly influenced the physicochemical and chemical characteristics affecting the general appearance and causing darkening. No Salmonella was detected in the treatments. The obtained results allowed concluding that Chinese cabbage minimally processed under the adopted experimental conditions would be suitable for consumption only up to the fourth day of storage. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar o efeito de tratamentos com ácido ascórbico (AA), cloreto de cálcio (CC) e cloridrato de L-cisteína (LC) sobre a qualidade pós-colheita de banana 'Maçã' minimamente processada. Foram testadas as seguintes combinações: 1 (Controle); 2 (AA 1%); 3 (CC 1%); 4 (LC 0,5%); 5 (AA 1% + CC 1%); 6 (AA 1% + LC 0,5%); 7 (CC 1% + LC 0,5%); 8 (AA 1% + CC 1% + LC 0,5%). As bananas foram descascadas, fatiadas e imersas nos tratamentos, acondicionadas em bandejas, que foram envolvidas em filme de PVC 30 µm, e armazenadas a 5 ± 1ºC e 90 ± 3% UR, durante 4 dias. As avaliações ocorreram nos dias 0, 1, 2 e 4. Houve um aumento na perda de massa durante o tempo de armazenamento, menor no tratamento 8 em relação aos demais. A acidez total titulável aumentou linearmente com o tempo em todos os tratamentos. A perda de firmeza foi mais eficientemente contida nas fatias sob os tratamentos com cloreto de cálcio. A formação de uma coloração vermelho-rósea sobre as fatias tratadas com L-cisteína foi observada e evidenciada pelos maiores valores de a*. O valor L* e o índice de escurecimento também foram afetados pelo tratamento com L-cisteína, cujo decréscimo nesses parâmetros de cor foi maior nas fatias não-tratadas, ao longo do tempo. O tratamento de banana 'Maçã' minimamente processada com a combinação AA 1% + CC 1% + LC 0,5% foi eficiente para manutenção da sua qualidade pós-colheita. This work had the aim of studying the effect of treatments with ascorbic acid (AA), calcium chloride (CC) and L-cysteine hydrochloride (LC) on the postharvest quality of fresh-cut 'Apple' banana. The following combinations were tested: 1 (Control); 2 (AA 1%); 3 (CC 1%); 4 (LC 0.5%); 5 (AA 1% + CC 1%); 6 (AA 1% + LC 0.5%); 7 (CC 1% + LC 0.5%); 8 (AA 1% + CC 1% + LC 0.5%). The bananas were peeled, sliced and immersed into the treatments, conditioned on trays, which were wrapped with 30 µm PVC film, and stored at 5 ± 1ºC and 90 ± 3% RH, during 4 days. Evaluations occurred at 0, 1, 2 and 4 days. There was an increase in the mass loss during the storage period, lower in the treatment 8 in relation to the others. Total titratable acidity increased linearly throughout the time in all treatments. The loss of firmness was prevented more efficiently in the treatments with calcium chloride. A pinkish-red color formation on the slices treated with L-cysteine was observed and evidenced by the highest values of a*. The L* value and the browning index were also affected by the treatments containing L-cysteine, whose decrease in these color parameters was higher in the untreated slices throughout the time. The treatment of fresh-cut 'Apple' banana with the combination AA 1% + CC 1% + LC 0.5% was efficient for its postharvest quality maintenance.

Beet roots cv. Early Wonder were graded for firmness, color and size, and were peeled inside a cold room (10ºC). Roots were then shredded (2 mm thick), sanitized for 6 minutes (NaClO/200 mg L-1), rinsed and centrifuged. Fresh-cut beet roots were then treated for 5 minutes with citric acid in the following concentrations: 0 (control), 500; 1,000; 1,500 and 2,000 mg L-1. The material was centrifuged again, placed in trays, wrapped with PVC plastic film, and stored at 5ºC and 85-90% HR for 10 days. Every two days, treatments were analyzed for respiratory activity and betacyanin and betaxanthin contents. The application of citric acid caused the reduction of respiratory rate in the fresh-cut tissue. In the second day of storage, control showed the highest respiratory activity among treatments, reaching around 77 mL CO2 kg-1 h-1. Citric acid solution dips in a concentration higher than 500 mg L-1 contributed to a decrease in respiratory activity and no peak in CO2 evolution was observed. There were significant differences among all treatments during the storage period for the contents of betacyanin, which were around 40; 45; 48; 51 and 55 mg 100 g-1 for the fresh-cut material treated with 0; 500; 1,000; 1,500 and 2,000 mg L-1 of citric acid, respectively.Also, levels of betaxanthin were around 25; 29; 33; 35 and 39 mg 100 g-1 for the material treated with 0; 500; 1,000; 1,500 and 2,000 mg L-1 of citric acid, respectively. The application of citric acid after minimal processing apparently have the ability to reduce respiratory rate and the degradation of pigments, which contributes to extend the shelf life of the fresh-cut product.

The purpose of this research was to determine the best gas mixture in controlled atmosphere conditions to store fresh-cut ‘Pérola’ pineapple, particularly in relation to the maintenance of visual quality and reduction of microbial growth. After sanitation, fruit was manually peeled, sliced and dipped in 20 mg.L-1 NaOCl solution for 30 seconds. Then, the excess liquid was drained and the slices were placed in sealed glass jars connected to a flowboard installed in a cold room (5 ± 1 °C). Desired gas mixtures were supplied continuously for 12 days from cylinders connected to the flowboard. Controlled atmospheres of 2:5, 2:10, 2:15, 5:5, 5:10, 5:15, 8:5, 8:10 and 8:15 (O2:CO2, %) and air were used. The product was evaluated for pulp color, total and fecal coliforms, mesophilic and psychrotrophic aerobic, mold and yeast counts. Total and fecal coliforms were not detected. The fresh-cut ‘Pérola’ pineapple was not very sensitive to storage in controlled atmosphere, considering that the slices had little browning and were free of contamination, that would affect the food safety at the end of the storage period Procurou-se determinar a composição gasosa ótima para o armazenamento do abacaxi ‘Pérola’ minimamente processado, particularmente com relação à melhoria da qualidade visual e à redução do crescimento microbiano. Frutos previamente sanitizados foram descascados e fatiados manualmente. As fatias foram imersas em solução de NaOCl 20 mg.L-1 durante 30 segundos. Após período de repouso, para drenagem do excesso de líquido, foram acondicionadas em frascos de vidro herméticos conectados a um fluxcentro instalado em câmara refrigerada a 5 ± 1 °C. As composições gasosas desejadas foram fornecidas continuamente, durante 12 dias, a partir de cilindros conectados ao fluxcentro. As combinações de O2:CO2 (%), balanceadas com N2, foram as seguintes: 2:5, 2:10, 2:15, 5:5, 5:10, 5:15, 8:5, 8:10 e 8:15. O tratamento controle foi o ar atmosférico. Os parâmetros analisados foram: cor, coliformes a 35 e a 45 °C, microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos, psicrotrófilos, bolores e leveduras. Não foram detectados coliformes totais e fecais. A combinação 5:15 (O2:CO2, %) reduziu ligeiramente o crescimento microbiano, entretanto o abacaxi ‘Pérola’ minimamente processado parece ser pouco sensível ao armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada, considerando-se que ao término do armazenamento as fatias apresentavam-se pouco escurecidas e livres de contaminação que comprometesse a segurança do alimento.

The effects of cut shape and temperature on the respiratory activity and ethylene synthesis of fresh-cut 'Pérola' pineapple were investigated. Two experiments were carried out. In the first, slices and chunks were placed in air-tight packages kept at 4 or 10ºC. Gas samples were taken every 2 h during 12 h and analysed by gas chromatography. In the second experiment, peeled fruits, slices and chunks were placed in air-tight glass jars connected to a flowboard installed in a cold room at 5 ± 1ºC. This system provided a continuous flow of humid and cold air during 14 d. Respiration rate was determined every 2 h, during the first 12 h, then daily for 10 d and on days 12 and 14. Ethylene synthesis was not detected during 12 h of evaluation. The lower respiration rates that occurred when fruits were stored at 4ºC indicate that this condition provides greater shelf life for the fresh-cut product. The initial respiration rate of slices and chunks stored at 5ºC doubled as compared with peeled fruits under the same conditions. The respiratory behaviour of slices and chunks was very similar during 14 d of cold storage, with respiration rates between 1.96 and 4.10 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1. Procurou-se avaliar a influência do formato de corte e da temperatura sobre a atividade respiratória e a síntese de etileno em abacaxis 'Pérola' minimamente processados. Dois experimentos foram realizados. No primeiro, fatias e cubos foram acondicionados em embalagens herméticas mantidas a 4 ou a 10ºC. Alíquotas gasosas foram retiradas a cada 2 h, durante 12 h, e analisadas por meio de cromatografia gasosa. No segundo experimento, frutos inteiros descascados, fatias e cubos foram acondicionados em frascos de vidro herméticos conectados a um fluxcentro instalado em câmara refrigerada a 5 ± 1ºC. Tal sistema garantiu o fornecimento de um fluxo contínuo de ar umidificado e frio durante 14 d. O monitoramento da taxa respiratória foi realizado em intervalos de 2 h, nas primeiras 12 h, então diariamente por 10 d, e nos dias 12 e 14. Não foi detectada síntese de etileno no período de 12 h em que foram realizadas as análises de cromatografia gasosa. As menores taxas respiratórias ocorreram quando os frutos foram acondicionados a 4ºC, indicando que essa condição proporciona maior vida útil ao produto minimamente processado. A taxa respiratória inicial dos frutos cortados em fatias e cubos, acondicionados a 5ºC, correspondeu ao dobro da observada nos frutos inteiros descascados mantidos na mesma condição. O comportamento respiratório dos frutos minimamente processados em fatias e cubos foi muito semelhante, durante os 14 d de armazenamento refrigerado, com taxas respiratórias oscilando entre 1,96 e 4,10 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar o efeito da atmosfera modificada ativa sobre a qualidade do abacaxi minimamente processado. Assim, foram avaliadas as modificações físico-químicas, sensorial e microbiológica do abacaxi 'Pérola' minimamente processado submetido a diferentes atmosferas modificadas passiva e ativamente (controle - atmosfera modificada passiva; 5%O2 + 5%CO2 , 2%O2 + 10%CO2). A atmosfera com 2% O2 + 10% CO2 determinou menor perda de líquido drenado, embora tal perda tenha sido desprezível. A atmosfera modificada ativa preveniu o amaciamento do abacaxi minimamente processado, reduzindo a atividade da poligalacturonase e solubilização péctica. As variáveis pH e vitamina C não foram significativamente afetadas pela atmosfera modificada ativa. Maiores valores de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) foram encontrados nos frutos sob atmosfera 5% O2 + 5% CO2 e no caso dos açúcares solúveis o tratamento com 2% O2 + 10% CO2 resultou em maiores teores. De acordo com análise sensorial, os frutos sob atmosfera modificada passiva se sobressaíram com relação ao sabor, aparência e cor. A análise microbiológica detectou valores insignificantes para fungos filamentosos, leveduras e coliformes a 35° e 45°C em todos os tratamentos. Conclui-se que o abacaxi 'Pérola' minimamente processado pode ser armazenado por 8 dias, a 5°C, sob atmosfera modificada passiva. The goal of this work was to verify the effect of active modified atmosphere on the quality of fresh-cut pineapple. Physical-chemical, sensory and microbiological changes of fresh-cut 'Pérola' pineapple treated with passive (control) and active (5%O2 + 5%CO2; 2%O2 + 10%CO2) modified atmosphere were studied. The 2%O2 + 10%CO2 combination promoted the lowest loss of drained liquid, although they were negligible. Active modified atmosphere prevented the softening of fresh cut pineapples, reducing the poligalacturonase activity and pectin solubilization. The pH and ascorbic acid were not significantly affected by active modified atmosphere. Higher values of total soluble solids (TSS) were found in the slices under 5%O2 + 5%CO2, whereas 2%O2 + 10%CO2 promoted higher levels of total sugars. According to sensory evaluation, slices under passive modified atmosphere had better flavor, appearance and color. The microbiological analysis detected no significant values for fungus, yeasts and coliforms at 35°C and 45°C in all treatments. Fresh cut 'Pérola' pineapple can be stored for 8 days, at 5°C, under passive modified atmosphere.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:53:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-20612003000300020.pdf: 602676 bytes, checksum: 0f661a96a92e7344cb4daf0c161c08ca (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:53:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-20612003000300020.pdf: 602676 bytes, checksum: 0f661a96a92e7344cb4daf0c161c08ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:00:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612003000300020.pdf: 602676 bytes, checksum: 0f661a96a92e7344cb4daf0c161c08ca (MD5) S0101-20612003000300020.pdf.txt: 24928 bytes, checksum: 2dcb056696881278a85a7422e58f3671 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612003000300020.pdf: 602676 bytes, checksum: 0f661a96a92e7344cb4daf0c161c08ca (MD5) S0101-20612003000300020.pdf.txt: 24928 bytes, checksum: 2dcb056696881278a85a7422e58f3671 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612003000300020.pdf: 602676 bytes, checksum: 0f661a96a92e7344cb4daf0c161c08ca (MD5) S0101-20612003000300020.pdf.txt: 24928 bytes, checksum: 2dcb056696881278a85a7422e58f3671 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-01 Foram utilizados frutos de goiabeiras das cultivares Pedro Sato e Paluma, provenientes de pomar comercial, no estádio de maturação de vez, correspondente à coloração verde-mate e considerados ótimo para o consumo. Os frutos foram inicialmente imersos em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (150mg de cloro.L-1) por 5 minutos, para desinfecção superficial. Pessoas treinadas, utilizando proteção adequada e equipamentos desinfetados descascaram os frutos, cortaram-nos longitudinalmente ao meio e eliminaram a polpa com as sementes, em ambiente a 12°C. Após enxágüe com água clorada (20mg de cloro.L-1) foram embalados em contentores de tereftalato de polietileno (PET) com tampa. Estas unidades foram armazenadas a 3°C por 10 dias. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas ao longo do período. Determinaram-se quimicamente os conteúdos de lignina, ácido ascórbico, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais e porcentagem de solubilização das pectinas, bem como as variáveis sensoriais de textura, sabor e preferência. A textura tornou-se mais frágil e os conteúdos de ácido ascórbico se reduziram, ao longo do período de armazenamento, nos produtos de ambas as cultivares. Durante este período houve aumento no conteúdo de lignina e manutenção dos conteúdos de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT) e da relação SST/ATT. O produto da cultivar Pedro Sato apresentou menor perda de textura que o da 'Paluma', sendo considerado pelos provadores como o mais saboroso e, portanto, o mais preferido. Devido aos cuidados higiênicos tomados durante o processamento o produto apresentou baixa contagem microbiana (< 10³ UFC.g-1), em todas as avaliações efetuadas. Two cultivars of guava fruit, Pedro Sato and Paluma, were studied. They were both obtained from a commercial orchard, at the maturation stage of ready for harvest, corresponding to a dull-green coloration and considered perfect for eating. The fruits were initially immersed in a solution of sodium hypochlorite (150mg.L-1 chlorine) for 5 min, for superficial disinfection. Trained personnel, using adequate protection and disinfected equipment, peeled the fruits, cut them longitudinally down the middle and removed the pulp with the seeds, at a temperature of 12°C. After rinsing with chlorinated water (20mg.L-1 chlorine) the fruit halves were packaged in polyethylene terephthalate containers. These units were stored at 3°C for 10 days. Microbiological analyses were performed throughout the study. Chemical analyses of the products were carried out to determine the contents of lignin, ascorbic acid, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids and the percentage of solublized pectin, in addition to testing for the sensory variables of texture, flavor and preference. For both cultivars the texture became more fragile and the ascorbic acid content reduced during the storage period. During this period there was an increase in lignin content and no change in total soluble solids (TSS) content, total titratable acidity (TTA) and the TSS/TTA ratio. The product of the Pedro Sato cultivar showed less loss of texture than that of 'Paluma,' considered by the tasters as the one with more flavor and thus being more preferred. Because of the hygiene precautions taken during the processing of the product, it showed a lower microbial contamination (< 103 CFU.g-1), in all the tests conducted. UNESP FCAV Departamento de Tecnologia UNESP FCAV Departamento de Medicina Veterinária e Preventiva e Saúde Pública UNESP FCAV Departamento de Tecnologia UNESP FCAV Departamento de Medicina Veterinária e Preventiva e Saúde Pública