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The micromorphology of deeply weathered soils (Ferralsols/Latossolos) from the Central Plateau of Brazil remains little studied, and its affiliation to different parent materials, poorly known. To clarify the processes of soil formation of these acric, gibbsitic, Fe-oxide rich Ferralsols, three lithotoposequences on local ultrabasic to basic intrusive rocks were studied. The influences of mixing and pedobioturbation are evident in all soils, and Ferralsols of the Central Plateau of Brazil are polygenetic, based on the coarse mineral composition, with ultrabasic and metapelitic rock contributions. The typical oxic microstructure with stable microaggregates encompasses a gibbsite/Fe rich micromass with random inclusions of charcoal, allochthonous quartz, Ti-magnetite, and perovskite grains. Shallow Cambisols (Cambissolos) on tuffites also display a similar 'oxic' microstructure, but a much lower degree of weathering. These Cambisols possesses apatite, and mafic and pelitic minerals as residuals minerals grains, indicating the polygenetic colluvia mixture of different substrates. The common occurrence of perovskite (CaTiO3) as a residual grain in deep-weathered, acric Ferralsols on ultrabasic rocks, not yet reported in the literature, shows an unusual resistant Ca reserve in oxic soils, though nothing is known about its implications to soil fertility. Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-28T00:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Micromorphologyandgenesisofsoilsfromtopolitosequencesinthebraziliancentralplateau2019.pdf: 8239209 bytes, checksum: 66f402389d8c9eabbc78cf69a0c4fc35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Pouco se conhece sobre a diferenciação pedogenética no Alto Paranaíba (MG), quando são comparados materiais de composição química tão variada, como tufitos, rochas ígneas alcalinas e ultramáficas e carbonatitos, todos de ocorrência na região. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar física, química e mineralogicamente os solos representativos de três topolitossequências do Alto Paranaíba. Para isso, foram descritos e coletados 11 perfis de solos, entre os municípios de Serra do Salitre, Patrocínio e Coromandel, representando as variações litológicas na faixa do contato geológico entre os grupos Bambuí, rochas vulcânicas ultramáficas e Araxá. Nas amostras de solos foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas de rotina, além de determinações de Fe, Al e Si após extração por ataque sulfúrico; Fe por DCB e oxalato; Fe, Ca, Mg, K, P, Ti e outros metais pesados após digestão total (ataque triácido); e determinação dos diferentes componentes da fração argila por difratometria de raios X. Os Latossolos do Alto Paranaíba são extremamente intemperizados e com índices Ki e Kr muito baixos, indicativos de solos ricos em óxidos de Fe e de Al, não possuindo uma filiação definida com os materiais de origem subjacente, indicando intensa pedoturbação e provável mistura com materiais alóctones. As assinaturas geoquímicas indicativas da natureza ultramáfica são os teores elevados de Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe e Mg. A mineralogia da fração argila dos Latossolos indica a coexistência de vermiculita com hidroxi-Al entrecamadas, caulinita, gibbsita e anatásio, evidenciando uma gênese policíclica dos minerais da fração mais fina e o elevado grau de intemperismo. Nos Cambissolos, a rápida dessilificação atual conduz à coexistência de gibbsita e óxidos de Fe com esmectitas e illitas, em virtude da rápida ação do intemperismo nos substratos de rochas máficas ou ultramáficas-alcalinas, pobres em sílica. Little is known bout the pedogenetic differentiation in Alto Paranaíba, western Minas Gerais, Brazil, when materials with such a variety of chemical compositions as tufite, alkaline-ultramafic igneous rocks and carbonatites are compared, which are all found in this region. The purpose of this study was to characterize the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of three representative soil topolitosequences of the Alto Paranaíba region. Therefore, 11 soil profiles were described and collected in the Serra do Salitre, Patrocínio and Coromandel counties, representing the influence of mafic-ultramafic bodies along the geological interface between Bambuí and Araxá groups. Soil samples were routinely analyzed for physical and chemical properties, besides determinations of Fe, Al and Si after sulfuric extraction; Fe after extraction by DCB and oxalate; Fe, Ca, Mg, K, P, Ti, and other heavy metals after total digestion (triacid attack); and determination of the different components in the clay fraction by DRX. The Latosols (Oxisols) of the Alto Paranaíba are extremely weathered and have very low Ki and Kr indexes, indicators of soils with high iron and aluminum oxides contents, with no defined relationship with the underlying parent materials, indicating intense pedoturbation and mixture with alloctonous materials. The geochemical signatures of the ultramafic nature are the unusual high content of Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe, and Mg. The clay fraction mineralogy of the Latosols shows the coexistence of VHE, kaolinite, gibbsite, and anatase, indicating a polycyclic genesis of the minerals from the finer fraction and the high weathering degree. In the Cambisols, the current rapid desilification indicates the coexistence of gibbsite and iron oxides with smectites and illite because of the fast weathering in the silicon-poor mafic or alkaline-ultramafic rock substrates.