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Aim. To determine the regional characteristics of the pollen spectrum of the air environment by the end of the five-year monitoring; to create the pollen calendar of allergenic plants in Samara, Russia. Materials and methods. Pollen was sampled using the volumetric method with a self-engineered pollen impactor into glass slides, covered with a mixture of petrolatum and wax. The pollen grains were counted and classified according to the systematic groups. Results. IIn 2013 the Samara urban air basin contained pollen of 21 taxa (12 woody taxa and 9 herbaceous taxa); in 2014 - 20 taxa (13 woody and 7 herbaceous); in 2015 - 20 taxa (12 woody and 8 herbaceous); in 2016 - 21 taxa (13 woody and 8 herbaceous); in 2017 - 18 taxa (10 woody and 8 herbaceous). During the five-year survey the dominant taxa were ragweed (24.3%), poplar (12,0%), birch (11.5%), pine (7.5%), maple (6.3%), elm (6.3%), nettle (5.8%), willow (4.8%), Gramineae (4.7%), and wormwood (3.7%). 10 dominant taxa were determined, which formed from 90% to 95% of the annual pollen volume. The prevailing taxa varied considerably from year to year by specific weight. Only three pollen species were present in the spectrum annually in the amount of more than 4% of the annual amount: poplar, birch and ambrosia pollen grains. Conclusion. Regional features of aeropalynological situation was revealed and pollen calendar of allergenic plants in Samara was created.

Цель. Определить региональные особенности пыльцевого спектра воздушной среды г. Самары по итогам пятилетнего мониторинга, составление календаря пыления аллергенных растений для г. Самары. Материалы и методы. Пыльцу улавливали волюметрическим методом с использованием ловушки-импактора оригинальной конструкции на предметные стекла, покрытые смесью вазелина и воска. В полученных препаратах подсчитывали пыльцевые зерна и определяли их принадлежность к различным систематическим группам. Результаты. В 2013 г. в воздушном бассейне г. Самары зарегистрирован 21 таксон (12 древесных и 9 травянистых), в 2014 г. отмечено 20 таксонов (13 древесных и 7 травянистых), в 2015 г. - 20 таксонов (12 древесных и 8 травянистых), в 2016 г. - 21 таксон (13 древесных и 8 травянистых), в 2017 г. - 18 таксонов (10 древесных и 8 травянистых). Суммарно за исследуемый период (5 лет) доминировала пыльца амброзии (24,3), тополя (12), березы (11,5), сосновых (7,5), вяза (6,3), клена (6,3), крапивы (5,8), злаков (4,7), полыни (3,7). Определено 10 доминирующих таксонов, которые формировали от 90 до 95 ежегодного объема пыления. Преобладающие таксоны значительно варьировали год от года по удельному весу. только три вида пыльцы присутствовало в спектре ежегодно в количестве более 4 от годовой суммы: пыльцевые зерна тополя, березы и амброзии. Заключение. Выявлены региональные особенности аэропалинологической ситуации, характерной для региона, составлен календарь пыления аллергенных растений для г. Самары.Aim. To determine the regional characteristics of the pollen spectrum of the air environment by the end of the five-year monitoring to create the pollen calendar of allergenic plants in Samara, Russia. Materials and methods. Pollen was sampled using the volumetric method with a self-engineered pollen impactor into glass slides, covered with a mixture of petrolatum and wax. The pollen grains were counted and classified according to the systematic groups. Results. IIn 2013 the Samara urban air basin contained pollen of 21 taxa (12 woody taxa and 9 herbaceous taxa) in 2014 - 20 taxa (13 woody and 7 herbaceous) in 2015 - 20 taxa (12 woody and 8 herbaceous) in 2016 - 21 taxa (13 woody and 8 herbaceous) in 2017 - 18 taxa (10 woody and 8 herbaceous). During the five-year survey the dominant taxa were ragweed (24.3), poplar (12,0), birch (11.5), pine (7.5), maple (6.3), elm (6.3), nettle (5.8), willow (4.8), Gramineae (4.7), and wormwood (3.7). 10 dominant taxa were determined, which formed from 90 to 95 of the annual pollen volume. The prevailing taxa varied considerably from year to year by specific weight. Only three pollen species were present in the spectrum annually in the amount of more than 4 of the annual amount: poplar, birch and ambrosia pollen grains. Conclusion. Regional features of aeropalynological situation was revealed and pollen calendar of allergenic plants in Samara was created.

Background. Purpose - to study the dynamics of anthesisin two parts of the city with different plants structure, the selection of the dominant taxa, calendaring of anthesising plants for Samara city. Methods. Pollen was captured by the gravimetric method, on glass slides, covered with a special mixture. In the obtained preparations pollen grains were counted and identified their belonging to different systematic groups. Results. In 2013 there were registered 21 taxons - 12 wood and 9 herbaceous, in 2014 - 20 taxa - 13 wood and 7 herbaceous in the air basin of Samara city. Birch pollen (16%), ambrosia (15%), poplar (11%), maple (10%), cereals (9%), pine (8%), willow (8%), nettle (6%), Artemisia (4%), Chenopodiaceae (4%),were dominated representing 90% of the pollen spectrum. Conclusion. Regional features of palinological spectrum in Samara city was revealed.

Background. The objective was to study the taxonomic diversity of the concentration of pollen, its changes and peculiarities of the course of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Samara city. Methods. Pollen was located with gravimetric method on the glass, covered with a special mixture. Clinical and allergological examination conducted among 775 children aged from 5 to 18 years and 692 adults with symptoms of rhinitis. Results. Registered three periods of increase of concentration of pollen: spring period, summer period and summer-autumn period. The major taxa in the spring was pollen Populus - 49% and Betula - 27% during this period. In the summer period dominated pollen was Pinus - 37%, Poaceae - 28% and Betula - 22%. In summer-autumn period prevailed pollen grains Ambrosia - 63% and Artemisia - 10%, of the total number of pollen grains for this period. Clinical and allergological studies have shown that the proportion of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis is 78% among the total number of patients with allergic rhinitis. Isolated form of seasonal allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 22% of children and in 20% of adults. Patients of this group are allergic to pollen, weeds and compositae revealed in 68%, trees - 20%, cereals - 12% of cases. Conclusion. Qualitative and quantitative composition of aeropalynologic spectrum was established and showed the peculiarities of the course of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Samara city.

The basic results of clinical researches on efficacy and safety studying sublingual allergenspecific immunotherapy (slASIT) are presented in the review. The results of SUBLINGUAL application of allergens in Russian Federation are presented.

Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) among different groups of population of Samara region during 2001—2010. Methods. Material for analysis was taken from the statistic forms of municipality hospitals of Samara and the Samara region (form No. 12) during 2001—2010 in comparison with the corresponding indicators of Volga federal region (PFO) and the Russian Federation. Results. Prevalence of BAin all groups of patients in the Samara region in 2009 was revealed. These indicators were more than such indicators in Russian Federation — among children on 25%, in teenagers on 38%, in adult on 50%. Prevalence of AR among children and teenagers exceeded indicators in Russian Federation — among children on 44%, teenagers — on 68%. The incidence of asthma in adults is 2,5 times higher than the incidence of AR (95,8—30,5 per 100 thousand). Conclusion. High prevalence of AR and asthma in the Samara region with a tendency to increase, the discrepancy indices studied data from epidemiological studies that require further implementation of international recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of AR among general practitioners.

Background. The purpose of the work was to investigate remote and preventive results of sublingual allergenspecific immunotherapy (SLiT) at pollinosis patients. Methods. 25 patients at the age from 19 till 50 years old with an allergic rhinitis and asthma (35%) sensitized to artemisia were under the supervision. SLiT was administered in the period since September 2003 till May 2006 with pollen allergen («Sevapharma», Czech Republik). The average total dose of the allergen per one patient at the end of the third year was 189999 PNU. Clinical efficiency was estimated annually and in 30 months after discontinuation of SLiT. Frequency and intensity of symptoms during the pollen season, requirement for medicines, FEV1 parameters and results of prick tests were considered. Results. good and excellent results after three courses of immunotherapy demonstrated 23 patients (92%), satisfactory - 2 patients (8%). The results were remained at 22 patients (88%) within the next 30 months. at 3 patients (12%) increase of rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was noted, and 3 (12%) showed expansion of a sensibilisation spectrum. Further increase of intensity and frequency of asthma symptoms, decrease in indicators FEV1 was not registered. Conclusion. SLiT is a highly effective method of treatment for patients with seasonal rhinitis and leads to the clinical results remaining more than 2 years at the majority of patients.

The aim of the Study. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) in various age groups among the urban and rural population of Penza region. Materials and Methods. A questionnaire-based screening was performed among 4212 schoolchildren aged between 7 and 14 and 2150 adults aged between 20 and 60 in Penza. Respectively, 2195 and 3193 patients of the same age groups were tested in rural settlements. Allergic diagnostics was carried out by means of the skintesting method applying the standard set of allergens (household, pollen and epidermal). Results. The prevalence of AR among the juveniles aged 7 and 13 was respectively 2,7 and 5,9 % in Penza; 2,3 and 4,3% in rural settlements. The prevalence among the adults was 5,7-3,6%, which several times outnumbers the indexes of the official statistics. The atypical form of BA prevailed. The sub-diagnosis of the disease was conditioned by the light form of BA with weak symptomatic manifestations prevailing among the patients under study. Conclusion. It is necessary to improve the measures on primary diagnosis and treatment of BA, which shall considerably increase the efficacy of the therapy employed and improve the prognosis of the disease.

Background. To study the influence of sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy (slASIT) on dynamics of immunologic parameters in patients with pollinosis. Materials and methods. 40 healthy persons and 25 pollinosis patients received slASIT course with mixt of autumn grasses allergen. IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE antibodies, slgA, albumin in saliva and IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE antibodies, total IgE, IFN-γ, IL-4 in serum were investigated. Results. Patients with pollinosis have infringements of both local and general immunity. SlASIT changes a profile of cytokines aside Th-1, stimulates formation of the secretory allergen-specific antibodies, reduces IgE antibodies in saliva. Conclusion. SlASIT is a highly effective method of allergic diseases treatment and it induces B-cellular and T-cellular tolerance.