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Western blot analysis of Beclin-1, p62, LC3 II/I,P-AMPK and P-ULK1 in HT29 cells pretreated with varied concentrations of curcumin for 24 h and then 20 μM of 5-Fu for 24 h. *, p

Immunofluorescent images of HCT116 cells. DAPI staining (blue) indicates nucleus, TUNEL staining (green) indicates apoptosis. (PDF 142 kb)

Viability of colon cancer HT29 cells treated with 5-Fu or curcumin, alone or in different combinations. A. Growth-inhibitory curves of HT29 cells exposing to gradient concentrations of 5-Fu or curcumin alone: (a) and (b) for 24 h, and (c) and (d) 48 h, respectively. B. Comparison of viabilities in HT29 cells treated for 48 h with different combinational protocols. Cur: curcumin alone, 5-Fu: 5-Fu alone, Pre-Cur: pretreated with curcumin for 24 h followed by 5-Fu for 24 h, Cur + 5-Fu: co-treated with 5-Fu and curcumin for 24 h, Pre-5-Fu: pretreated with 5-Fu for 24 h followed by curcumin for 24 h: (a) 10 μM curcumin/10 μM 5-Fu, (b) 10 μM curcumin/20 μM 5-Fu, (c) 20 μM curcumin/10 μM 5-Fu and (d) 20 μM curcumin and 20 μM 5-Fu. (PDF 148 kb)

Images of colon carcinoma cells HCT116. (A) HCT116 cells were treated with 5-Fu for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. (B) HCT116 cells were treated with solvent for 48, pretreated with solvent for 24 h and then 20 μM 5-Fu for 24 h, pretreated with 20 μM Cur for 24 h and then 20 μM 5-Fu for 24 h, respectively. (PDF 441 kb)

Western blot analysis of p62 and LC3 II/I in HT29 cells after exposing to varied concentrations of 5-Fu for 24 h. *, p

Viability of colon cancer HT29 cells treated with 5-Fu or curcumin, alone or in different combinations. A. Growth-inhibitory curves of HT29 cells exposing to gradient concentrations of 5-Fu or curcumin alone: (a) and (b) for 24 h, and (c) and (d) 48 h, respectively. B. Comparison of viabilities in HT29 cells treated for 48 h with different combinational protocols. Cur: curcumin alone, 5-Fu: 5-Fu alone, Pre-Cur: pretreated with curcumin for 24 h followed by 5-Fu for 24 h, Cur + 5-Fu: co-treated with 5-Fu and curcumin for 24 h, Pre-5-Fu: pretreated with 5-Fu for 24 h followed by curcumin for 24 h: (a) 10 μM curcumin/10 μM 5-Fu, (b) 10 μM curcumin/20 μM 5-Fu, (c) 20 μM curcumin/10 μM 5-Fu and (d) 20 μM curcumin and 20 μM 5-Fu. (PDF 148 kb)

Immunofluorescent images of HCT116 cells. DAPI staining (blue) indicates nucleus, TUNEL staining (green) indicates apoptosis. (PDF 142Â kb)

Western blot analysis of p62 and LC3 II/I in HT29 cells after exposing to varied concentrations of 5-Fu for 24 h. *, p

Images of colon carcinoma cells HCT116. (A) HCT116 cells were treated with 5-Fu for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. (B) HCT116 cells were treated with solvent for 48, pretreated with solvent for 24 h and then 20 μM 5-Fu for 24 h, pretreated with 20 μM Cur for 24 h and then 20 μM 5-Fu for 24 h, respectively. (PDF 441 kb)