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Additional file 2: Table 1. Power by candidate set size when an increasing number of covariates (C) are balanced in the randomisation and the same number of covariates are adjusted in the analysis, for trials with 10 clusters and intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) between 0.001 and 0.1. Table 2. Power by candidate set size when an increasing number of covariates (C) are balanced in the randomisation and the same number of covariates are adjusted in the analysis, for trials with 18 clusters and intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) between 0.001 and 0.1. Table 3. Power by candidate set size when an increasing number of covariates (C) are balanced in the randomisation and the same number of covariates are adjusted in the analysis, for trials with 26 clusters and intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) between 0.001 and 0.1.

Additional file 4.

Additional file 1: Appendix Figure 1. Type I error rate when fourcovariates are balanced in the randomisation (C=4) and an increasing number ofcovariates (A≤C) are adjusted in the analysis.

Additional file 3: Table 1. Power by candidate set size when an increasing number of covariates (C) are balanced in the randomisation and all four covariates are adjusted in the analysis, for trials with 10 clusters and intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) between 0.001 and 0.1 Table 2. Power by candidate set size when an increasing number of covariates (C) are balanced in the randomisation and all four covariates are adjusted in the analysis, for trials with 18 clusters and intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) between 0.001 and 0.1. Table 3. Power by candidate set size when an increasing number of covariates (C) are balanced in the randomisation and all four covariates are adjusted in the analysis, for trials with 26 clusters and intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) between 0.001 and 0.1.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 1. Further app functionality and computation detail for the AugBin and MultSampSize Shiny applications.

Survey of studies utilising Gehan’s design and Design comparison based on Lorenzen et al. (2008). Details of how the survey to evaluate the number of studies that have utilised Gehan’s design was conducted are provided. In addition, an additional comparison of the performance of Gehan’s and Simon’s designs is given, based on the trial reported in Lorenzen et al. (2008) [17]. (PDF 181 kb)

Review methodology. (DOCX 50 kb)

PRISMA checklist. (DOCX 31 kb)

Additional file 1 PDF report. A copy of the PDF report generated by clicking the Generate report button in the web application, for the input parameters shown in Fig. 1.

Additional file 1 PDF report. A copy of the PDF report generated by clicking the Generate report button in the web application, for the input parameters shown in Fig. 1.