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In 2022, in Bordeaux due to a structural oversupply, grape growers' syndicates have asked to reimplement premiumized grub-ups in order to bring the market back to equilibrium. However, in today's CMO no legal basis exists to conduct such a policy. In this article, we go over the policy of planting rights (transformed in 2016 into planting authorization) and of premiumized grub-ups. In undertaking this historical review of Europe's grubbing-up policy, we analyze in detail Pierre Bartoli's 1982 thesis and studies of the Observatoire de l'Hérault (Dyopta) that take into account experts' opinions and statistical viewpoints. Th is review enables us to present the main indicators in order to "objectively" analyze data that we received from a 2007/2008 grubbing-up campaign in Hérault. Our originality is the analysis of a subset consisting of 341 Vinifl hor applications for grubbing-up premiums, which represents 20% of all benefi ciaries receiving premiums. Th e applications were later sent with the applicants' consent to a development agency that transmitted them to us. Within this subset, we selected 51 grape growers with whom we conducted a qualitative and quantitative survey. Our goal was to identify their real motivations for grubbing up their vines. We then put forward synthesized results explaining the qualitative interviews and run the data through an econometric model. Th e main results are that many grape growers grubbed up only a small fraction of their vineyards mainly to cash in on the premiums in times of dire wine crisis. Grubbing ups of young "improving varietals" reinforces this analysis. Furthermore, the 2007/2008 grubbing-up campaign comes a year just before the 2008/2011 Fischer-Boel grubbing-up campaigns that wanted to reduce Europe's vineyard of 175,000 ha of vines by eliminating the least effi cient grape growers. We thought it would be interesting to shed light on this 2008 wine CMO policy by using the results of the 2007/2008 grubbing-up campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the keys enabling the actors of the food chain to become more sustainable, the Strategy assigns an important role to knowledge and information. For this reason, the Farm to Fork Strategy aims to make the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) the main data source of sustainable indicators, turning it into a Farm Sustainability Data Network (FSDN). Wine not only represents one of the most important products of the Italian agri-food system (value of turnover and exports), but it is also characterised by a widespread use of traditional certification systems (PDO/ PGI, Organic), to which in recent years specific certifi cations of sustainability have been added, evaluated through its threefold dimension: economic, environmental, and social. Indeed, wine is much ahead of other sectors in the process of sustainability certification both for the process and the product itself. The paper is an effort to test the current set of information included in the FADN and some related computable indicators as a feasible tool for the assessment of sustainability in the wine sector. The goal of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we assess the actual level of sustainability of the wine sector in Italy through an indicator that synthetizes the three dimensions (economic, environmental, and social) of sustainability at the regional level. Secondly, more in general, we test the current capacity of the FADN information to provide a reliable measure of sustainability given the intention of the EU legislator to switch the European data network from FADN to FSDN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of the COVID-19 virus in Italy during the first phasis of the pandemic (February-May 2020) has caused a large-scale crisis, with an almost immediate decrease of industrial production and a consequent contraction in domestic consumption and external trade. However, the issue of food security was immediately recognized as one of the most sensitive, so that the Government has decreed the priority role of the food system, which has been included among those considered fundamental services and economically essential, allowing the related activities to be carried out during the lockdown. Agricultural production activities transformation, and commercialization remained fully operative during the lockdown; nevertheless, the sector has faced many difficulties related to the contraction of some of the marketing channels (restaurants, on farm sales, agritourism, problems with the logistics and many other ones). To better understand the effects of the initial phasis of the pandemic on the Italian agricultural sector and provide useful information to the government and decision makers, a survey was carried out with a CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interviewing) sent to over 10,000 farmers belonging to the sample of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The number of respondents has been of 733 farms, which represents around 7% of the Italian FADN sample. The results of the questionnaire have been matched with FADN data on the structure and the economic performance of farms, allowing a more precise evaluation of the condition and effects of the pandemic. The results highlight a relevant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency on the agricultural sector: 37% of the interviewed farmers declared a significant liquidity crisis, while 60% predicted a contraction in turnover. These effects are more relevant for the wine, olives, and horticulture types of farming and more frequent in medium/large farms. A better situation has been found for farms which usually outsource processing and/or marketing/sale of the products.

The spread of the COVID-19 virus in Italy during the first phasis of the pandemic (February-May 2020) has caused a large-scale crisis, with an almost immediate decrease of industrial production and a consequent contraction in domestic consumption and external trade. However, the issue of food security was immediately recognized as one of the most sensitive, so that the Government has decreed the priority role of the food system, which has been included among those considered fundamental services and economically essential, allowing the related activities to be carried out during the lockdown. Agricultural production activities transformation, and commercialization remained fully operative during the lockdown; nevertheless, the sector has faced many difficulties related to the contraction of some of the marketing channels (restaurants, on farm sales, agritourism, problems with the logistics and many other ones). To better understand the effects of the initial phasis of the pandemic on the Italian agricultural sector and provide useful information to the government and decision makers, a survey was carried out with a CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interviewing) sent to over 10,000 farmers belonging to the sample of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The number of respondents has been of 733 farms, which represents around 7% of the Italian FADN sample. The results of the questionnaire have been matched with FADN data on the structure and the economic performance of farms, allowing a more precise evaluation of the condition and effects of the pandemic. The results highlight a relevant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency on the agricultural sector: 37% of the interviewed farmers declared a significant liquidity crisis, while 60% predicted a contraction in turnover. These effects are more relevant for the wine, olives, and horticulture types of farming and more frequent in medium/large farms. A better situation has been found for farms which usually outsource processing and/or marketing/sale of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution, patterns and models of revenue diversification in Italian agriculture in different contexts and for different typologies of farms. The analysis is based on the calculation of the inverse of Herfindahl index, by using different variables available in the Italian FADN database (years 2008, 2013 and 2018), followed by a multiple regression model to analyse the relationship between the diversification index and other variables, in order to highlight both the internal and external factors affecting on-farm diversification processes. The article shows that Italian farms have increasingly adopted non-agricultural revenue diversification strategies to reduce risk and maximize factors’ productivity. Among these, agritourism is by far the most relevant; however, in the last few years the production of renewable energy has been growing relatively rapidly. Overall, the study shows that on-farm diversification activities can be either an opportunity for a new entrepreneurship in agriculture or a survival strategy for small and marginal farms that are not sufficiently integrated in the national agri-food system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate over the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2020 is mainly focused on making more effective the public expenditure on agriculture. Specific attention is given to the Basic Payment Scheme (BPS) of Pillar I, which is criticized for being unequally distributed and scarcely targeted towards specific and measurable goals. The present paper is aimed to evaluate whether and how the choice of land as a criterion for redistributing and receiving aids affects the ability of the BPS to enhance farm incomes. To this end, the Italian version of the Farm Accountancy Data Network is used. Findings reveal that other parameters, such as work and value added, should be also taken into account in order to improve the effectiveness of BPS in increasing incomes of Italian farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess whether and to what extent environmental and productivity affect each other within heterogeneous farms. The analysis concerns the sample of FADN Lombardy farms observed from 2008 to 2013. Using the FADN information on production structures and activities, a productivity index (Total Factor Productivity - TFP) and an environmental indicator (Emission Intensity - EI) are properly reconstructed at the farm level. The nexus between TFP and EI is then investigated by admitting heterogenous behaviour across farm sizes and specializations. Results show that the relationship between TFP and EI is not univocal and suggest that the mitigation of GHG emission can be based on the diffusion of the best practices adopted by high-productivity farms of different size and specialization.

This paper aims to assess whether and to what extent environmental and productivity affect each other within heterogeneous farms. The analysis concerns the sample of FADN Lombardy farms observed from 2008 to 2013. Using the FADN information on production structures and activities, a productivity index (Total Factor Productivity - TFP) and an environmental indicator (Emission Intensity - EI) are properly reconstructed at the farm level. The nexus between TFP and EI is then investigated by admitting heterogenous behaviour across farm sizes and specializations. Results show that the relationship between TFP and EI is not univocal and suggest that the mitigation of GHG emission can be based on the diffusion of the best practices adopted by high-productivity farms of different size and specialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the medium-term impacts of the 2014-2020 CAP reform in the Italian rice sector, analyzing farm's structural characteristics and profitability. Using FADN data, first pillar payments and their contribution to income were computed and compared before reform (2012) and in 2019 (at the end of the internal convergence). The data calculated for the 165 farms in the FADN sample were reported to the universe, and show that the support for rice will fall from 979 to 746 €/hectare and 230 million to 176 million overall, with a 24% loss. However, rice farms will keep a higher support, compared to other arable crops farms. The effect of greening obligations on rice farms was also estimated, even if they are largely exempted by the diversification requirements and ecological focus areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to test whether vertical integrated farms show a significant higher economic performance when compared with those not integrated. The Italian Farm Accountancy Data Network was used, for the years 2008-2011, focusing on farms producing durum wheat. Empirically, a propensity score-matching model was implemented in an attempt to estimate average differences, in some farm performance indexes, including costs and profitability, between vertical integrated and non-integrated farms. The analysis on the effects of a vertical integration showed that supply chain integration increases farms' competiveness and profitability.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]