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Summary This study investigated the use of emergence traps to assess densities of Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predator of hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in an area of release and establishment. Results indicate that traps effectively collect emerging adults and allow systematic population estimates of L. nigrinus. The incorporation of this method in future monitoring efforts could enable population estimates across the release range of L. nigrinus, thereby enhancing the evaluation of establishment and long-term persistence of this predator.

Several species of insects diminish the value of black walnut, which is considered a valuable economic and environmental tree species. Because imidacloprid has been used successfully against pests of other host plants, we investigated how it would impact larvae of the walnut husk maggot, Rhagoletis suavis (Loew), on black walnuts. Thus, the objective of this project was to document the concentration levels of imidacloprid and olefin-imidacloprid, an insecticidal metabolite of imidacloprid, within the walnut husk maggot larvae dwelling within the nut husk of fly-infested mature black walnut trees. CoreTect, a pellet formulation of imidacloprid, was applied to the soil surrounding mature black walnut trees in spring of 2011. Concentrations of both imidacloprid and olefin-imidacloprid were assessed in walnut husk maggot tissue using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Both imidacloprid and olefin-imidacloprid were detected in walnut husk maggot larvae from both the lower (11.72 ppb) and upper (9.25 ppb) strata. Olefin-imidacloprid concentrations in larvae were significantly lower in the lower stratum compared with the upper stratum, while the opposite was true when assessing concentration levels of imidacloprid. Olefin-imidacloprid concentrations were significantly lower than imidacloprid concentrations within each stratum. Populations of walnut husk maggot were significantly lower in treated trees compared to control trees indicating that imidacloprid, applied as a soil pellet, reduced populations of the walnut husk maggot. Varias especies de insectos disminuyen el valor del nogal negro, que se considera una especie de arbol economicamente y ambientalmente valioso. Debido que imidacloprid ha sido utilizado con exito contra las plagas de otras plantas hospederas, investigamos como impactaria larvas de la mosca de la cascara del nogal, Rhagoletis suavis (Loew), en el nogal negro. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este proyecto fue documentar el nivel de concentracion de imidacloprid y olefina-imidacloprid, un metabolito de insecticida imidacloprid, dentro las larvas de la mosca de la cascara del nogal viviendo dentro de la cascara de nueces de arboles maduros de nogal negro infestados con moscas. CoreTect, una formulacion de pellets (bolitas) de imidacloprid, se aplico a la tierra alrededor de arboles maduros de nogal negro en la primavera del 2011. Se evaluo la concentracion de ambos imidacloprid y imidacloprid-olefina en el tejido de las larvas de la mosca de la cascara del nogal, usando una cromatografia liquida junta con una espectrometria de masas en tandem (LC/MS). Tanto imidacloprid y imidacloprid-olefina se detecto en las larvas de la mosca de la cascara del nogal tanto en el estrato inferior (11.72 ppb) y superior (9.25 ppb). La concentracion de imidacloprid-olefina en larvas fue significativamente menor en el estrato inferior en comparacion con el estrato superior, mientras que lo contrario fue cierto en la evaluacion de los niveles de concentracion de imidacloprid. La concentracion de imidacloprid-olefina fue significativamente menor que la concentracion de imidacloprid dentro de cada estrato. La poblacion de la mosca de la cascara del nogal fue significativamente menor en los arboles tratados en comparacion con los arboles de control que indica que el imidacloprid, aplicado como una bolita de suelo, reduce las poblaciones de la mosca de la cascara del nogal. View this article in BioOne

Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Car riere, comprises a vital component of biological diversity (Jordan & Sharp 1967; Lapin 1994; Tin gley et al. 2002; Buck 2004; Buck et al. 2005; Dill ing et al. 2007; Dilling et al. 2009) and economi cal (Travel Industry Association 2006; Woodsen 2001) and environmental stability (Evans 2002; Snyder et al. 2004) within its geographical range. Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an exotic insect species capable of rapidly reducing populations of eastern hemlock throughout the eastern United States (McClure & Fergione 1977; Buck et al. 2005; Ellison et al. 2005). As such, documenting the biodiversity of insects associated with this host tree is imperative. More than 400 insect species have been recorded to be associated with eastern

Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the brown marmorated stinkbug, is an exotic polyphagous species from Asia that was first collected in North America from Allentown, Pennsylvania in 1996 (Hamilton & Shearer 2003). In 2002, H. halys was reported from 6 counties in Pennsylvania (Hoebeke 2002), and by 2003, the species was reported from 2 neighboring counties in New Jersey (Bernon et al. 2004). In 2005, this species was reported from Vallejo, Solano County, California, with over a dozen individuals recovered from a storage unit rented by a new resident that had relocated from Pennsylvania. Within 10 years from the original record from Allentown, Pennsylvania, H. halys had been reported from 26 counties in Pennsylvania (Jacobs & Bernhard 2008). This pest continues to increase its range and has since been reported around Portland and Salem, Oregon (CDFA 2005), as well as in Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia (Khrimian et al. 2008). On 30 Oct. 2008, a single adult female was captured in the home of the first author in Knoxville, Knox County, Tennessee. The specimen, approximately 16.2 mm in length, displayed the characteristic light bands on the terminal 2 antennal segments, as well as alternating light and dark banding along the exposed lateral abdominal margins (Fig. 1). Closer examination also revealed the absence of teeth on the juga, as well as a smooth anterior pronotal margin, both of which distinguish this species

Of the 18 Holarctic species in the genus Elatophilus, only 8 species are reported from North America (Lattin & Stanton 1993). The anthocorid Elatophilus inimicus was originally described by Drake and Harris (1926), from a single specimen collected in New York who placed the species in the genus Xenotracheliella. The species was subsequently transferred to the genus Elatophilus by Kelton and Anderson (1962), and was later documented to feed on species of scale insects in the genus Matsucoccus that inhabit only species of pine (Doane 1965, Lattin & Stanton 1992, Lussier 1965, and Mendel et al. 1991). This predator has been recorded previously only from Canada, and a few northeastern, midwestern, and coastal states (CO, MI, NC, and NY) feeding onM. resinosae Bean and Godwin. Recorded plant hosts for the prey of this predator include red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), pitch pine (P. rigida Mill.), and Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.), while additional prey suggested include mites, adelgids, and aphids (Lussier 1965). The only other species described from the eastern U.S. is E. pinophilus Blatchley described from pine in Florida (Blatchley 1928). A study was initiated in May 1999 to identify the potential native predators attracted to the sex pheromones of the scale insects M. feytaudi Ducasse, M. josephi Bodenheimer and Harpaz, and M. matsumurae Kuwana in eastern Tennessee. Delta style sticky traps (n = 60) baited with sex pheromones were placed in five pine sites established along an elevational gradient in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Sevier Co, TN. Pine site 1 (390 5771N, 28