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The article reports on the UNHCR discusses the range of options for international legal protection in the context of cross-border displacement triggered by the impacts of climate change. It mentions that the legal considerations highlight that beyond situations where the 1951 Convention applies, people affected by climate change and disasters living in Africa or the Americas may also be refugees under the broader refugee definition in the 1969 OAU Convention.

The article presents the position by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) on the restrictive externalisation policies and practices by some countries to deter asylum seekers and refugees from entering their territories. Topics include how the said policies are against the principle of international cooperation under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 2018 Global Compact on Refugees (GCR).

El artículo discute propuestas para la implementación de políticas de cooperación internacional en la protección de refugiados y solicitantes de asilo basadas en la Convención de 1951 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados. El artículo también se centra en la agrupación de la Autoridad Intergubernamental para el Desarrollo (IGAD) en África Oriental para promover el retorno, la integración, educación y inclusión de los refugiados.

Se presenta un editorial de la revista que discute la externalización y las realidades prácticas de las políticas de derechos humanos y la movilidad de los solicitantes de asilo en Grecia, Siria y la República Democrática del Congo. El artículo también se centra en la Convención de 1951 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados, las obligaciones hacia los solicitantes de asilo y los programas de reasentamiento para refugiados desplazados ilegalmente.

El artículo discute los servicios de reasentamiento para la protección de refugiados y solicitantes de asilo dentro de los sistemas territoriales de asilo en países europeos basados ​​en la Convención de 1951 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados. El artículo también se centra en los tipos de procedimientos de asilo y las condiciones de recepción en Asilos para fortalecer los sistemas de protección de refugiados en los países de destino.

The article highlights the importance of the participation of the refugee population in the formulation of policies in Kenya. Although they are often excluded from these processes, their participation is essential for the development of well-founded policies. In Kenya, the Constitution guarantees the right to participation of the people, including the refugee population. However, courts have invalidated laws and policies due to inadequate public participation. In 2020, the Kenyan Constitutional Court invalidated the Guidelines for the Election of Refugee Community Leaders due to a lack of public participation. The article describes the process of public participation in the development of Kenya's Refugee Law in 2019, which included visits to refugee camps, meetings with officials and local leaders, and public participation forums. The importance of translating documentation into different languages and including minority and marginalized voices in legislative development is highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the non-signatory States and the international refugee regime. Topics discussed include many of the world's top refugee-hosting countries have not acceded to the 1951 Refugee Convention and yet they engage with the international refugee regime in a number of ways; and refugee law norms being disseminated and adopted in these States but also non-signatory States often participate in the development of international refugee law.

Los Estados no signatarios tienen cada vez más importancia como donantes, y ACNUR se ha dirigido a algunas de estas nuevas fuentes de financiación. Sin embargo, la financiación implica influencia y conlleva retos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A menudo se cita Hong Kong como un buen ejemplo de territorio no signatario que ha establecido un mecanismo de determinación de la condición de refugiado dirigido por el Gobierno. Sin embargo, en ausencia de un compromiso público más amplio o dirigido por el ejecutivo, este mecanismo está muy por debajo de los estándares internacionales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muchos de los principales países de acogida del mundo no se han adherido a la Convención de 1951 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados y, sin embargo, se comprometen con el régimen internacional de los refugiados de diversas maneras. No solo se difunden y adoptan las normas del derecho internacional de los refugiados en estos Estados, sino que a menudo también participan en su desarrollo al estar presentes y ser activos en los escenarios mundiales de protección. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines undertook a series of National Inquiries to investigate the effects of climate change on the enjoyment of human rights. It mentions that the Commission identified a range of obstacles and opportunities but faces constraints in gaining State and non-State compliance with its recommendations.

The article discusses about using multi member judicial panels in refugee status determination (RSD) in European jurisdictions with a focus on fair asylum procedures, judicial judgements in France, Greece and Italy including the 1951 Refugee Convention. The article also discusses about the role of Democratic legal systems in determination of asylum claims and also the credibility assessment of asylum claims to grant refugee protection.

The article focuses on the Bangladesh's judicial encounter with the 1951 Refugee Convention. Topics discussed include bench of the High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh handed down a judgment of particular significance; and considering the relevance of the principle of non-refoulement in relation to Md. Rafique, a Rohingya refugee being held in detention long after completing a formal prison sentence.

The article discusses that Turkey is a rather unique case from the perspective of refugee law and practice, with its protection regime fundamentally shaped by the Refugee Convention and the optional geographical limitation allowed under it. Topics discussed include The geographical limitation has thus been seen as a protection against these; and the European Union (EU), on the other hand, wants Turkey to qualify as a ‘first country of asylum' or a ‘safe third country'.

A pesar de que Bangladés no ha ratificado la Convención de 1951 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados, varias sentencias judiciales recientes indican que se respetan elementos de la normativa recogida en dicho instrumento. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses about individual refugee status claims in China with a focus on challenges and opportunities relating to refugee protection in China. The article also discusses topics related to Refugee Convention and its protocols, the role of Non-governmental organizations (NGO) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) cooperation in favor of Asylum seekers in China,

The article informs about the impacts of climate change grow more severe, and Turkana nomadic-pastoralists are increasingly being forced to move, rather than choosing to move. It mentions that voices must be heard at the local and international level, and their knowledge and insights must inform policymaking. It further informs that the government evidently does not consider the challenges faced by the Turkana as a priority, yet the conditions of this region demand innovative approaches.

One man explained that if there Rohingya refugees make their way down a footpath during a heavy monsoon downpour in Kutupalong refugee settlement, Cox's Bazar district, Bangladesh. UNHCR (2003) 'Guidelines on International Protection: Cessation of Refugee Status under Article 1C(5) and (6) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (the "Ceased Circumstances" Clauses)' www.refworld.org/docid/3e50de6b4.html 2. 43 FMR 62 Return October 2019 www.fmreview.org/return practice on repatriation and reintegration, which stress the importance of continued UNHCR involvement in the longer term. [Extracted from the article]

UNHCR (2003) 'Guidelines on International Protection: Cessation of Refugee Status under Article 1C(5) and (6) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (the "Ceased Circumstances" Clauses)' www.refworld.org/docid/3e50de6b4.html 2. 41 FMR 62 Return October 2019 www.fmreview.org/return A premature attempt at cessation Hamsa Vijayaraghavan and Pallavi Saxena There are many lessons to be learned from UNHCR's controversial - and ultimately reversed - decision to end refugee status for Burmese Chins in India and Malaysia. Moreover, notification interviews (in which refugees were asked to indicate whether they would accept or challenge the decision to cease their refugee status) had already commenced, and the outcome of any go-andsee visit could not have been made available to refugees in time to inform their decision. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses possible solutions for returning refugees younger than 18 to their countries of origin while protecting their civil rights especially regarding their education. The article also discusses aspects of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), research data concerning returnee children and child reintegration following return.

The article titled "Refugees and the Arab Middle East: Protection in states that are not party to the Convention on the Status of Refugees (REF-ARAB)" analyzes the protection of refugees in the Arab Middle Eastern states that have not signed the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees. The REF-ARAB project, led by Professor Maja Janmyr and funded by the Research Council of Norway, aims to study the historical and political circumstances that have led to these states not signing the Convention, explore how UNHCR provides international protection to refugees in these states, and examine the available avenues for refugees through non-governmental legal assistance organizations. For more information, you can visit the project's website at www.jus.uio.no/ikrs/english/research/projects/ref-arab. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the externalisation policies like establishing immigration detention systems in transit countries that were adopted by destination countries and the efforts by the United Nations' (UN) Committee on Migrant Workers (CMW) to promote migrants' rights to liberty and freedom from arbitrary detention. Also cited is the treaty International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICRMW) as solution to exernalisation.

El periodista refugiado JN Joniad vive en Indonesia desde 2013, sin poder seguir adelante y sin tener acceso a sus derechos fundamentales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the imbalance of power and the lack of agency for refugees in the refugee resettlement regime a resettlement resolution which is designed to identify and protect vulnerable refugees and the ethical dilemmas in the selection process. Topics discussed include the states assertion of their own specific selection criteria, the surge in resettlement of Syrians and the need to encourage state not to narrow selection cateria to the intent and purpose of Refugee Convention.

The article discusses the aspects to consider in maintaining the legal and practical difference between voluntary and mandatory repatriation. Topics mentioned include the provision of primacy to voluntary repatriation as a solution for refugees, the difference of both types of repatriation based on the strict cessation clauses of the 1951 Convention, and the vulnerability of refugees by the conflation of both repatriation in countries that reach stabilisation phase after a protracted conflict.

El artículo se centra en los desafíos que enfrentan los solicitantes de asilo y refugiados después de llegar a la Unión Europea (UE) en 2015. Los varios temas tratados incluyen la aplicación de la Convención sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados tratado en 1951, la prevención de su desplazamiento, el fracaso del Reglamento de Dublín y ratificación del tratado de 1951.

Se presenta un editorial de la revista que discute las implicaciones para la protección de los estados que no han firmado la Convención de 1951 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados con un enfoque en el papel del ACNUR, la sociedad civil y los profesionales legales en la protección de los refugiados. El artículo también se centra en cuestiones de agua, saneamiento e higiene en los campos de refugiados y cuestiones relacionadas con la salud de los desplazados internos.

Only a year after Uruguay's resettlement plan for Syrian refugees was established, the resettled families said they wanted to leave. Expectations have not been met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article details why women refugees have additional claims to asylum as a matter of gender beyond the codifications provided by the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Violence against women in forms including genital mutilation, honor crimes, and forced sterilization add to their right to be separately classed as a Particular Social Group in the terms of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.

El artículo se centra en los acuerdos de readmisión formuladas por la Unión Europea (UE) para proteger los refugiados y los solicitantes de asilo en los países miembros. Los diversos temas tratados incluyen la introducción de las leyes de asilo internacionales en la Convención sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados de 1951, violación del derecho internacional y el contrato de la UE firmada con Turquía la proteger los refugiados.

The article discusses legal protection mechanisms to refugees of North Africa. It states that 1951 Convention limits or narrows down the technical definition of a refugee. It states that persons fleeing from violence or armed conflict from Libya would fall outside the Convention's definition. The convention's refugee definition is confined to persons with a well founded fear of persecution only in relation to their country of nationality. The third country nationals who were working In Libya could not claim the protection under the Refugee convention in relation to their fear of harm in those states.

El artículo analiza los resultados de la "Encuesta mundial sobre refugiados 2009", realizada por el Comité de los Estados Unidos para los Refugiados e Inmigrantes a fin de evaluar el cumplimiento de la Convención sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados (1951) en 52 países. El autor concluye que Brasil es el único país que obtuvo calificación A en la encuesta.

The article examines the predicament of Iraqi refugees in neighbouring countries as of May 2016. Most neighboring countries of Iraq have reportedly not signed the United Nations' 1951 Refugee Convention, making it hard for refugees to protect and support themselves. The author argues that problems related to the legalization of refugee status must be addressed to help refugees live safely.

Líbano, país que no ha firmado la Convención sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados de 1951, no garantiza la condición de refugiados a los iraquíes, muchos de los cuales acaban pasando largos períodos detenidos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los refugiados iraquíes disponen de escasa protección y asistencia en sus países vecinos debido principalmente a que la mayoría no son firmantes de la Convención sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados de 1951. Como consecuencia, los refugiados lo tienen difícil para mantenerse a sí mismos y permanecer a salvo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo analiza la legislación internacional de derecho de asilo contenida en la Convención sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados (1951), en particular el aspecto relacionado con los derechos económicos, como una de las vías de resolución definitiva a los casos de situación de refugio prolongado. El autor opina que para ser realmente efectiva la protección económica a los refugiados debe también garantizar su autonomía.

The article discusses the need for international standards to protect internally displaced persons (IDP) which weren't included in the year 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention. According to the article, the main responsibility for IDPs' well-being was with their governments. Francis Deng, the United Nations Secretary-General's Representative on Internally Displaced Persons, was responsible for the development of a legal framework for IDPs following his appointment in the year 1992. The challenges of Deng's assignment, which included dealing with sensitive governments, basing international standards in a manner which would promote consensus, and having states agree to sovereignty as a form of responsibility, are discussed.

The article discusses the debate surrounding the potential designation for individuals who have been displaced by global climate change. Several viewpoints on the topic are described, including the views of those advocating for the potential expansion of the 1951 Refugee Convention to cover individuals displaced by environmental degradation, those advocating the creation of entirely new policy on the matter, and those warning of political dangers surrounding the redefinition of refugees. The need for improved accountability, greater international cooperation, and better standards for environmental protection is also mentioned.

El artículo presenta un texto de orientación de la Agencia de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (Acnur) sobre las condiciones para ser admitido como refugiado bajo el alegato de persecución por bandas criminales. El texto señala la creciente violencia y persecución ejercidas por las bandas en diversos lugares del planeta, cuyas víctimas pueden recibir el estatus de refugiados según la Convención sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados de 1951.

El artículo afirma que La Convención de 1951 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados no abarca ciertos problemas como los desastres naturales y las migraciones en masa. Nota en particular que la convención no define el término "persecución." Así, asevera, no está claro si la convención reconoce la persecución por razones climáticas ni quiénes serían los responsables en este tipo de persecución.

The editorial presents the author's thoughts regarding the vulnerability of refugees in Mexico. The creation of the Comisión Mexicana de Ayuda a Refugiados (COMAR) in 1980 and the adoption of the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol in 2000 is mentioned. Opinions about failures in Mexico's refugee policies are offered, including the review system for rejected applicants, the need for provision for unaccompanied children, and government funding for refugee assistance.

The article discusses the possibility that international law could eventually protect victims of environmental persecution. The lack of coverage provided by the 1951 Refugee Convention is noted, mentioning that it does not define persecution. Questions are raised regarding the identity of the persecutor in cases of climate change persecution. The possibility that governments could be held responsible for failing to protect citizens from the effects of climate change is noted, as well as the possibility that states producing the most pollution could also be held responsible.