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The revolution of sequencing technology has brought an exponential increase in the production of genomic data. This thesis tackles global and continental questions on human demographic history from two directions using genetic data. Manuscript A provides a novel analytical method for estimating migration rate and effective population size utilizing highcoverage whole genome sequences, while manuscript B and C reveal the history of population movement and interactions by directly analyzing genome-wide data from ancient individuals. 1. Introduction 1.1 Learning population demographic history from genomic data 1.1.1 Whole genome sequences help on reconstructing population history 1.1.2 Applications of the sequential Markov coalescent for demographic inference 1.1.3 A brief overview on the human demographic history 1.2 Genetic perspectives on the (past) population structure in Africa 1.2.1 Present-day genetic, linguistic and subsistence variations in Africa 1.2.2 Ancient DNA sheds lights on the past population movements in Africa 1.3 A brief introduction into Eurasia's Eastern Steppe 2. Aim of the thesis 3. Overview of Manuscripts and author’s Contribution 3.1 Manuscript A 3.2 Manuscript B 3.3 Manuscript C 4. Manuscript A 5. Manuscript B 6. Manuscript C 7. Discussion 7.1 MSMC-IM and outlook 7.2 aDNA - challenges and future 8. References