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Based on recent findings, an increased late sodium current (I Na,late ) plays an important pathophysiological role in cardiac diseases, including rhythm disorders. The article first describes what is I Na,late and how it functions under physiological circumstances. Next, it shows the wide range of cellular mechanisms that can contribute to an increased I Na,late in heart diseases, and also discusses how the upregulated I Na,late can play a role in the generation of cardiac arrhythmias. The last part of the article is about I Na,late inhibiting drugs as potential antiarrhythmic agents, based on experimental and preclinical data as well as in the light of clinical trials., (Copyright © 2020 Horváth, Hézső, Kiss, Kistamás, Magyar, Nánási and Bányász.)