1. Intermittent Hypoxia Is Associated With High Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α but Not High Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Cell Expression in Tumors of Cutaneous Melanoma Patients
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Isaac Almendros, Miguel Ángel Martínez-García, Francisco Campos-Rodríguez, Erica Riveiro-Falkenbach, José L. Rodríguez-Peralto, Eduardo Nagore, Antonio Martorell-Calatayud, Luis Hernández Blasco, Jose Bañuls Roca, Eusebi Chiner Vives, Alicia Sánchez-de-la-Torre, Jorge Abad-Capa, Josep Maria Montserrat, Amalia Pérez-Gil, Valentín Cabriada-Nuño, Irene Cano-Pumarega, Jaime Corral-Peñafiel, Trinidad Diaz-Cambriles, Olga Mediano, Joan Dalmau-Arias, Ramon Farré, David Gozal, On Behalf of the Spanish Sleep Network, Elidia Molina Herrera, Rosa M. García Martín, Maria Niveiro de Jaime, Sara Moreno, Ferran Barbé Ilia, Manuel Sánchez de la Torre, Esther de Eusebio, Pedro Landete, Manuel Moragón Gordon, Eva Arias, Fernando Masa, Carlos González Herrada, Cristina Carrera, Aida Muñoz Ferrer, Aram Boada, Ana Fortuna, Mercé Mayos, Jesús Gardeazabal García, and Universitat de Barcelona
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medicine.medical_specialty ,intermittent hypoxia ,Hypoxia-inducible factor ,Gastroenterology ,lcsh:RC346-429 ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,melanoma ,Risk factor ,hypoxia-inducible factor ,Melanoma ,obstructive sleep apnea ,lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,Tumors ,Sleep apnea syndromes ,Original Research ,vascular endothelial growth factor ,Intermittent hypoxia ,business.industry ,Síndromes d'apnea del son ,medicine.disease ,Obstructive sleep apnea ,3. Good health ,Vascular endothelial growth factor ,Vascular endothelial growth factor A ,030228 respiratory system ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Hypoxia-inducible factors ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cutaneous melanoma ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Epidemiological associations linking between obstructive sleep apnea and poorer solid malignant tumor outcomes have recently emerged. Putative pathways proposed to explain that these associations have included enhanced hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) cell expression in the tumor and altered immune functions via intermittent hypoxia (IH). Here, we examined relationships between HIF-1α and VEGF expression and nocturnal IH in cutaneous melanoma (CM) tumor samples. Prospectively recruited patients with CM tumor samples were included and underwent overnight polygraphy. General clinical features, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), desaturation index (DI4%), and CM characteristics were recorded. Histochemical assessments of VEGF and HIF-1α were performed, and the percentage of positive cells (0, 75%) was blindly tabulated for VEGF expression, and as 0, 0-5.9, 6.0-10.0, >10.0% for HIF-1α expression, respectively. Cases with HIF-1α expression >6% (high expression) were compared with those 75% of cells was compared with those with