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By presenting a comprehensive analysis of low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs), a subset of epithelial ovarian cancers, this review delves into their distinct molecular characteristics, clinicopathological features and systemic therapy options, emphasizing their differences from high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs). Notably, LGSCs exhibit prevalent RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK pathway activation, KRAS and BRAF mutations, and infrequent p53 mutations. While chemotherapy is commonly employed, LGSCs display lower responsiveness compared to HGSCs. Hormone therapy, particularly endocrine maintenance therapy, is explored due to the higher estrogen receptor expression. Novel therapeutic approaches involving CDK4/6 inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, and antiangiogenic agents like bevacizumab are also investigated. Ongoing clinical trials are striving to enhance LGSC treatment strategies, offering valuable insights for future therapeutic advancements in this challenging ovarian cancer subtype., Competing Interests: GG, JS, GO, AS, LB, and AM were employed by company Oncoclínicas&Co – Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MEDSIR). The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Giannecchini, da Silva, de Oliveira Bretas, dos Santos, Baltar and de Melo.)