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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and irreversible memory impairment. Currently, several studies have failed to fully elucidate AD's cellular and molecular mechanisms. For this purpose, research on related cellular models may propose potential predictive models for the drug development of AD. Therefore, many cells characterized by neuronal properties are widely used to mimic the pathological process of AD, such as PC12, SH-SY5Y, and N2a, especially the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line. Thus, this review covers the most systematic essay that used PC12 cells to study AD. We depict the cellular source, culture condition, differentiation methods, transfection methods, drugs inducing AD, general approaches (evaluation methods and metrics), and in vitro cellular models used in parallel with PC12 cells.

Bevacizumab (Bev) is a humanized vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody that is used with chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Bev-induced hypertension (HT) is the most common adverse reaction during clinical practice. However, at present, appropriate antihypertensive agents for Bev-induced HT are unavailable. In this study, retrospective analysis of clinical data from mCRC patients who received renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) showed significant survival benefits of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) over patients who received calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and patients who received no antihypertensive drug (NO: Y2020046 retrospectively registered). An experiment of HCT116 colon cancer cell xenografts in mice confirmed that combined treatment of Bev and lisinopril (Lis), a RASI, synergistically inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth and enhanced the concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in tumor tissues. Our results showed that the addition of Lis did not interfere with the vascular normalization effect promoted by Bev, but also inhibited collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) deposition and significantly downregulated the expression of TGF-β1 and downstream SMAD signaling components which were enhanced by Bev, ultimately remodeling primary extracellular matrix components. In conclusion, RASIs and Bev have synergistic effect in the treatment of colorectal cancer and RASIs might be an optimal choice for the treatment of Bev-induced HT.

BackgroundLiving arrangement of the elderly is one of the most important components that affect their quality of life in later years. The aging, with the phenomenon of low fertility rate and family structure transformation, has caused changes in the living arrangements of the elderly. This research aimed to find the elderly's living arrangement preferences and influencing factors.MethodsThe data were obtained from The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in the 2018, and the sample was comprised of 9,638 individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Independent variables were divided into social support, health status and so-economic status. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between the above variates and living arrangement preferences.ResultsCurrently, in terms of living arrangement preferences, nearly half (45.6%) of the respondents choose not to live with their children. The binary model results showed that elderly who were married (OR = 0.166, 95% CI: 0.147–0.187), experienced more than 6 years of education (OR = 0.600, 95% CI: 0.517–0.695), ability of daily living (ADL) impaired (OR = 0.810, 95% CI: 0.720–0.912), suffering from multiple chronic diseases (OR = 0.803, 95% CI: 0.720–0.912), and obtained community services (OR = 0.884, 95% CI: 0.803–0.972) incline to not live with their children. The elderly who living in rural areas (OR = 1.244, 95% CI: 1.129–1.371), with an income of more than 500,000 yuan per year (OR = 1.557, 95% CI: 1.380–1.757), having children visiting regularly (OR = 1.405, 95% CI: 1.161–1.707) and receiving children's financial support (OR = 1.194, 95% CI: 1.080–1.319) are more likely to choose to live with their children.ConclusionsThis study found that the living arrangement preferences of the elderly were affected by social support and health status, and living with children is no longer the only option for the elderly these days. The elderly care services provided by communities or professional care institutions may become the mainstream of taking care of the elderly citizens in the aging society. Improving the types and forms of community nursing services to increase the accessibility of these services; setting up elderly care institutions reasonably and equipping adequate professional nursing staff should be considered as priority measures.