1. Metabolic risk factors attributed burden in Iran at national and subnational levels, 1990 to 2019
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Soroush Moradi, Amirhossein Parsaei, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Armin Aryannejad, Sina Azadnajafabad, Negar Rezaei, Baharnaz Mashinchi, Zahra Esfahani, Parnian Shobeiri, Nazila Rezaei, GBD 2019 Iran MRF Collaborators, Mohsen Naghavi, Bagher Larijani, Farshad Farzadfar, Amirali Aali, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Shima Abdollahi, Abdorrahim Absalan, Siamak Afaghi, Ali Ahmadi, Amir Moghadam Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Marjan Ajami, Meisam Akhlaghdoust, Sudabeh Alatab, Yousef Alimohamadi, Mehrdad Amir-Behghadami, Sohrab Amiri, Davood Anvari, Jalal Arabloo, Elaheh Askari, Shamsadin Athari Seyyed, Abolfazl Avan, Samad Azari, Hassan Babamohamadi, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Sara Bagherieh, Prof Hamid Reza Baradaran, Azadeh Bashiri, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Shirin Djalalinia, Milad Dodangeh, Mahsa Dolatshahi, Sareh Edalati, Hossein Farrokhpour, Ali Fatehizadeh, Fataneh Ghadirian, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ali Gholami, Pouya Goleij, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Hamidreza Hasani, Soheil Hassanipour, Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan, Kamran Hessami, Kaveh Hosseini, Mohammad-Sala Hosseini, Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Farideh Iravanpour, Rana Irilouzadian, Zahra Jamalpoor, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Ali Kabir, Neda Kaydi, Sina Kazemian, Mohammad Keykhaei, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Sorour Khateri, Farzad Kompani, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Prof Soleiman Mahjoub, Prof Ata Mahmoodpoor, Marzieh Mahmoudimanesh, Prof Elaheh Malakan Rad, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Prof Reza Malekzadeh, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Abdoljalal Marjani, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Sara Momtazmanesh, Maryam Moradi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Farhad Moradpour, Negar Morovatdar, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Maryam Noori, Prof Hasti Nouraei, Ali Nowroozi, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Prof Akram Pourshams, Mehran Rahimi, Shayan Rahmani, Vahid Rahmanian, Sina Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Iman Razeghian-Jahromi, Malihe Rezaee, Leila Sabzmakan, Erfan Sadeghi, Prof Masoumeh Sadeghi, Saeid Sadeghian, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Saman Sargazi, Prof Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Melika Shafeghat, Mahan Shafie, Ataollah Shahbandi, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Athena Sharifi-Razavi, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Alireza Tahamtan, Majid Taheri, Seyed Mohammad Vahabi, Prof Siavash Vaziri, Fereshteh Yazdanpanah, Mazyar Zahir, Moein Zangiabadian, Iman Zare, Zahra Zareshahrabadi, Prof Mohsen Naghavi, Prof Bagher Larijani, and Prof Farshad Farzadfar
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Global Burden of Disease ,cardiometabolic risk factors ,hypertension ,hyperglycemia ,obesity ,hyperlipidemia ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
IntroductionMetabolic risk factors (MRFs) predispose populations to a variety of chronic diseases with a huge burden globally. With the increasing burden of these risk factors in Iran, in this study, we aimed to report the estimated burden attributed to MRFs at national and subnational scales in Iran, from 1990 to 2019.MethodsBased on the comparative risk assessment method of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, data of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to four top MRFs in Iran including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) for the 1990–2019 period, were extracted. The socio-demographic index (SDI) was used to report the data based on the corresponding socio-economic stratifications. The results were reported in national and subnational 31 provinces of Iran to discover disparities regarding the attributable burden to MRFs. Furthermore, we reported the causes of diseases to which the attributable burden to MRFs was related.ResultsOverall, the age-standardized high LDL, high SBP, high BMI, and high FPG-attributed death rate changed by −45.1, −35.6, +2.8, and +19.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. High SBP was the leading risk factor regarding attributed age-standardized death rates reaching 157.8 (95% uncertainty interval: 135.3–179.1) and DALY rates reaching 2973.4 (2652.2–3280.2) per 100,000 person-years, in 2019. All rates increased with aging, and men had higher rates except for the +70 years age group. At the subnational level, provinces in the middle SDI quintile had the highest death and DALY rates regarding all four MRFs. Total deaths, DALYs, YLLs and YLDs number by the causes of diseases linked to MRFs increased over the study period. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and kidney diseases were the main causes of burden of disease attributable to MRFs.ConclusionHerein, we found divergent patterns regarding the burden of MRFs as well as disparities in different regions, sex, and age groups for each risk factor and related causes. This could provide policymakers with a clearer vision toward more appropriate decision-making and resource allocation to prevent the burden of MRFs in Iran.
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- 2023
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