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1. Rain Forest Fragmentation and Environmental Dynamics on Nosy Be Island (NW Madagascar) at 1300 cal BP Is Attributable to Intensified Human Impact

Author

Reinhardt, Antonia L., Kasper, Thomas, Lochner, Maximilian, Bliedtner, Marcel, Krahn, Kim J., Haberzettl, Torsten, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, Rahobisoa, Jean-Jacques, Zech, Roland, Favier, Charly, Behling, Hermann, Bremond, Laurent, Daut, Gerhard, Montade, Vincent, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Geographie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Université d'Antananarivo, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
paleoenvironment, maar lake, soil erosion, Ecology, Evolution, sedimentology, leaf-wax n-alkanes, diatom, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, QH359-425, palynology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, charcoal, QH540-549.5
Abstract

International audience; Madagascar houses one of the Earth’s biologically richest, but also one of most endangered, terrestrial ecoregions. Although it is obvious that humans substantially altered the natural ecosystems during the past decades, the timing of arrival of early inhabitants on Madagascar as well as their environmental impact is still intensively debated. This research aims to study the beginning of early human impact on Malagasy natural ecosystems, specifically on Nosy Be island (NW Madagascar) by targeting the sedimentary archive of Lake Amparihibe, an ancient volcanic crater. Based on pollen, fungal spore, other non-pollen palynomorph, charcoal particle and diatom analyses combined with high-resolution sediment-physical and (in)organic geochemical data, paleoenvironmental dynamics during the past three millennia were reconstructed. Results indicate a major environmental change at ca. 1300 cal BP characterized by an abrupt development of grass (C4) dominated and fire disturbed landscape showing the alteration of natural rain forest. Further, increased soil erodibility is suggested by distinct increase in sediment accumulation rates, a strong pulse of nutrient input, higher water turbidity and contemporaneous increase in spores of mycorrhizal fungi. These parameters are interpreted to show a strong early anthropogenic transformation of the landscape from rain forest to open grassland. After ca. 1000 cal BP, fires remain frequent and vegetation is dominated by forest/grassland mosaic. While natural vegetation should be dominated by rain forest on Nosy Be, these last results indicate that human continuously impacted the landscapes surrounding the lake. At a local scale, our data support the “subsistence shift hypothesis” which proposed that population expansion with development of herding/farming altered the natural ecosystems. However, a precise regional synthesis is challenging, since high-resolution multi-proxy records from continuous sedimentary archives as well as records located further north and in the hinterland are still scarce in Madagascar. The lack of such regional synthesis also prevents precise comparison between different regions in Madagascar to detect potential (dis)similarities in climate dynamics, ecosystem responses and anthropogenic influences at the island’s scale during the (late) Holocene.

Published
2022
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2. Immune-Related Genetic Overlap Between Regional Gray Matter Reductions and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescents, and Gene-Set Validation in a Translational Model

Author

Lukas Penninck, El Chérif Ibrahim, Eric Artiges, Victor Gorgievski, Sylvane Desrivières, Severine Farley, Irina Filippi, Carlos E. A. de Macedo, Raoul Belzeaux, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Erin Burke Quinlan, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Rüdiger Brühl, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomáš Paus, Luise Poustka, Juliane H. Fröhner, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Julien Grenier, Gunter Schumann, Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot, Eleni T. Tzavara, Jean-Luc Martinot, for the IMAGEN Consortium, INSERM U1299 'Trajectoires développementales en Psychiatrie', Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Neurosciences intégratives et Cognition (INCC - UMR 8002), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), King‘s College London, Département Universitaire de Psychiatrie - [Hôpital Sainte Marguerite - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy [Mannheim], Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Trinity College Dublin, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Vermont [Burlington], Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [Braunschweig] (PTB), Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany., Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-12-SAMA-0004,ADODEP,Dépression à l'Adolescence: Structure cérébrale et myélinisation(2012), ANR-19-NEUR-0005,ANTaRES,Biomarkers of ANTidepressant RESponse : early indicators and novel targets(2019), ANR-18-NEUR-0002,ADORe,TARGETING ADOLESCENT NEUROCOGNITIVE PROCESSES IN DEPRESSION TO PROMOTE INTERVENTION RESPONSE(2018), European Project: SFRH/BPD/11566/2002,FCT::Pós-Doutoramento,SFRH/2002,SFRH/BPD/11566/2002(2003), Ibrahim, El Chérif, Santé Mentale et Addictions - Dépression à l'Adolescence: Structure cérébrale et myélinisation - - ADODEP2012 - ANR-12-SAMA-0004 - SAMENTA - VALID, Biomarkers of ANTidepressant RESponse : early indicators and novel targets - - ANTaRES2019 - ANR-19-NEUR-0005 - ERAnet NEURON - VALID, ERANET NEURON - TARGETING ADOLESCENT NEUROCOGNITIVE PROCESSES IN DEPRESSION TO PROMOTE INTERVENTION RESPONSE - - ADORe2018 - ANR-18-NEUR-0002 - ERAnet NEURON - VALID, APLICAÇÃO DE CONTADORES GASOSOS NA DETECÇÃO DE RAIOS X RESULTANTES DO DECAIMENTO DE ESTADOS EXCITADOS DE ÁTOMOS EXÓTICOS-II - SFRH/BPD/11566/2002 - - FCT::Pós-Doutoramento2003-05-01 - 9999-12-31 - SFRH/BPD/11566/2002 - VALID, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], INSERM U1299 'Trajectoires développementales et Psychiatrie', Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, INSERM U1299 'Trajectoires développemebntales et Psychiatrie', Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud )-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401, VT, USA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy [Berlin], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine [Montréal, Québec, Canada], Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, INSERM - Université de Paris. (INSERM UMRS 1124 - Université de Paris.), AP-HP. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Cognitive Neuroscience, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, childhood maltreatment, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Developmental Neuroscience, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], medicine, Bipolar disorder, Psychiatry, Prefrontal cortex, Depression (differential diagnoses), immunity genes, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], psychiatric symptoms, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Mood disorders, Schizophrenia, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Etiology, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Major depressive disorder, adolescence, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, MRI, RC321-571
Abstract

Adolescence is a period of vulnerability for the maturation of gray matter (GM) and also for the onset of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Chronic neuroinflammation is considered to play a role in the etiology of these illnesses. However, the involvement of neuroinflammation in the observed link between regional GM volume reductions and psychiatric symptoms is not established yet. Here, we investigated a possible common immune-related genetic link between these two phenomena in european adolescents recruited from the community. Hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were defined a priori as regions of interest (ROIs). Their GM volumes were extracted in 1,563 14-year-olds from the IMAGEN database. We found a set of 26 SNPs that correlated with the hippocampal volumes and 29 with the mPFC volumes at age 14. We formed two ROI-Related Immune-gene scores (RRI) with the inflammation SNPs that correlated to hippocampal GM volume and to mPFC GM volume. The predictive ability of both RRIs with regards to the presence of psychiatric symptoms at age 18 was investigated by correlating the RRIs with psychometric questionnaires obtained at age 18. The RRIs (but not control scores constructed with random SNPs) correlated with the presence of depressive symptoms, positive psychotic symptoms, and externalizing symptoms in later adolescence. In addition, the effect of childhood maltreatment, one of the major environmental risk factors for depression and other mental disorders, interacted with the RRI effect. We next sought to validate this finding by investigating our set of inflammatory genes in a translational animal model of early life adversity. Mice were subjected to a protocol of maternal separation at an early post-natal age. We evaluated depressive behaviors in separated and non-separated mice at adolescence and their correlations with the concomitant expression of our genes in whole blood samples. We show that in mice, early life adversity affected the expression of our set of genes in peripheral blood, and that levels of expression correlated with symptoms of negative affect in adolescence. Overall, our translational findings in adolescent mice and humans provide a novel validated gene-set of immune-related genes for further research in the early stages of mood disorders.

Published
2021
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3. Doxycycline Interferes With Tau Aggregation and Reduces Its Neuronal Toxicity

Author

Luciana Medina, Florencia González-Lizárraga, Antonio Dominguez-Meijide, Diego Ploper, Valeria Parrales, Sabrina Sequeira, Maria-Sol Cima-Omori, Markus Zweckstetter, Elaine Del Bel, Patrick P. Michel, Tiago Fleming Outeiro, Rita Raisman-Vozari, Rosana Chehín, Sergio B. Socias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie - Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry [Göttingen], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of São Paulo (USP), Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine [Göttingen] (MPI), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Drug, Aging, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Tau protein, Neuronal toxicity, Pharmacology, Protein aggregation, protein aggregation, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, medicine, ddc:610, tau, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Repurposing, Original Research, media_common, Doxycycline, biology, doxycycline, Chemistry, tauopathies, Alzheimer's disease, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Toxicity, Amyloid aggregation, biology.protein, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders with increasing incidence and still without cure. The extensive time required for development and approval of novel therapeutics highlights the need for testing and repurposing known safe molecules. Since doxycycline impacts α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity, herein we tested its effect on tau. We found that doxycycline reduces amyloid aggregation of the 2N4R and K18 isoforms of tau protein in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in a cell free system doxycycline also prevents tau seeding and in cell culture reduces toxicity of tau aggregates. Overall, our results expand the spectrum of action of doxycycline against aggregation-prone proteins, opening novel perspectives for its repurposing as a disease-modifying drug for tauopathies.

Published
2021
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4. Revisiting the enigmatic cortical calretinin-expressing interneurons

Author

Bruno eCauli, Xiaojuan eZhou, Ludovic eTricoire, Xavier eToussay, Jochen F Staiger, Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

Subjects
Cell type, Ganglionic eminence, Enkephalin, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Neuropeptide, Neocortex, Review Article, Biology, lcsh:RC321-571, lcsh:QM1-695, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Embryonic and Fetal Development, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroenergetics, medicine, neuropeptides, neocortex, neocortical circuits, embryonic and fetal development, neuroenergetics, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Neuropeptides, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV.BDD.EO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, lcsh:Human anatomy, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, chemistry, nervous system, GABAergic, Anatomy, Neurokinin B, Calretinin, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Cortical calretinin (CR)-expressing interneurons represent a heterogeneous subpopulation of about 10–30% of GABAergic interneurons, which altogether total ca. 12–20% of all cortical neurons. In the rodent neocortex, CR cells display different somatodendritic morphologies ranging from bipolar to multipolar but the bipolar cells and their variations dominate. They are also diverse at the molecular level as they were shown to express numerous neuropeptides in different combinations including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), neurokinin B (NKB) corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), enkephalin (Enk) but also neuropeptide Y (NPY) and somatostatin (SOM) to a lesser extent. CR-expressing interneurons exhibit different firing behaviors such as adapting, bursting or irregular. They mainly originate from the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) but a subpopulation also derives from the dorsal part of the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). Cortical GABAergic CR-expressing interneurons can be divided in two main populations: VIP-bipolar interneurons deriving from the CGE and SOM-Martinotti-like interneurons originating in the dorsal MGE. Although bipolar cells account for the majority of CR-expressing interneurons, the roles they play in cortical neuronal circuits and in the more general metabolic physiology of the brain remained elusive and enigmatic. The aim of this review is, firstly, to provide a comprehensive view of the morphological, molecular and electrophysiological features defining this cell type. We will, secondly, also summarize what is known about their place in the cortical circuit, their modulation by subcortical afferents and the functional roles they might play in neuronal processing and energy metabolism.

Published
2014
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5. Episodic memories in anxiety disorders: Clinical implications

Author

Alla Machulska, Dorothea Dere, Dirk Adolph, Armin Zlomuzica, Ekrem Dere, Jürgen Margraf, Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs (NPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

Subjects
Overgeneral autobiographical memory, Cognitive Neuroscience, medicine.medical_treatment, Context (language use), Review Article, 050105 experimental psychology, lcsh:RC321-571, explicit memory, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, obsessive–compulsive disorder, medicine, Explicit memory, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Episodic memory, Agoraphobia, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatry, Autobiographical memory, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 05 social sciences, autobiographical memory, episodic memory, Anxiety Disorders, cognitive behavioral therapy, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, posttraumatic stress disorder, Anxiety, Panic Disorder, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Childhood memory, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology, Cognitive psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract

International audience; The aim of this review is to summarize research on the emerging role of episodic memories in the context of anxiety disorders (AD).The available literature on explicit, autobiographical, and episodic memory function in AD including neuroimaging studies is critically discussed. We describe the methodological diversity of episodic memory research in AD and discuss the need for novel tests to measure episodic memory in a clinical setting. We argue that alterations in episodic memory functions might contribute to the etiology of AD. We further explain why future research on the interplay between episodic memory function and emotional disorders as well as its neuroanatomical foundations offers the promise to increase the effectiveness of modern psychological treatments. We conclude that one major task is to develop methods and training programs that might help patients suffering from AD to better understand, interpret, and possibly actively use their episodic memories in a way that would support therapeutic interventions and counteract the occurrence of symptoms.

Published
2014
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