1. Robust and Functional Immune Memory Up to 9 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Southeast Asian Longitudinal Cohort
- Author
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Hoa Thi My Vo, Alvino Maestri, Heidi Auerswald, Sopheak Sorn, Sokchea Lay, Heng Seng, Sotheary Sann, Nisa Ya, Polidy Pean, Philippe Dussart, Olivier Schwartz, Sovann Ly, Timothée Bruel, Sowath Ly, Veasna Duong, Erik A. Karlsson, Tineke Cantaert, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Communicable Disease Department [Phnom Penh] (CDC MOH), Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France] (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)–Wellcome Trust (208710/Z/17/Z to TC), « URGENCE COVID-19 » fundraising campaign of Institut Pasteur (TC, HA, and PD). HA is supported by the German Centre for International Migration and Development (CIM)., Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Vaccine Research Institute (VRI)
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Immunology ,MESH: Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,B cell immunity ,Antibodies, Viral ,MESH: Phosphoproteins ,long term immune response ,MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing ,MESH: Immunity, Cellular ,Immunology and Allergy ,Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins ,Humans ,MESH: COVID-19 ,MESH: Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins ,MESH: SARS-CoV-2 ,MESH: Immunity, Humoral ,B-Lymphocytes ,Immunity, Cellular ,MESH: Humans ,T cell immunity ,SARS-CoV-2 ,MESH: Cambodia ,COVID-19 ,MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,RC581-607 ,Phosphoproteins ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,MESH: CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Immunity, Humoral ,antibody effector function ,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,MESH: Immunologic Memory ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Cambodia ,Immunologic Memory ,MESH: Antibodies, Viral - Abstract
The duration of humoral and cellular immune memory following SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations in least developed countries remains understudied but is key to overcome the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Sixty-four Cambodian individuals with laboratory-confirmed infection with asymptomatic or mild/moderate clinical presentation were evaluated for Spike (S)-binding and neutralizing antibodies and antibody effector functions during acute phase of infection and at 6-9 months follow-up. Antigen-specific B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were characterized, and T cells were interrogated for functionality at late convalescence. Anti-S antibody titers decreased over time, but effector functions mediated by S-specific antibodies remained stable. S- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific B cells could be detected in late convalescence in the activated memory B cell compartment and are mostly IgG+. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune memory was maintained to S and membrane (M) protein. Asymptomatic infection resulted in decreased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells at late convalescence. Whereas anti-S antibodies correlated with S-specific B cells, there was no correlation between T cell response and humoral immune memory. Hence, all aspects of a protective immune response are maintained up to nine months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the absence of re-infection.
- Published
- 2022
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