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IntroductionIn the context of the new digital era, clarifying the relationship between Internet use and urban and rural residents' mental health is of important value for reducing rural-urban health inequalities. This paper aims to study the association between Internet use and rural-urban mental health inequalities.MethodsBased on the data of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2020, we firstly examined the existence and specific manifestation of mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents. Secondly, we examined the mediating effect of Internet use by the Bootstrap mediating effect measure. Finally, we verified the robustness of the mediating effect.ResultsThere are significant mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents, and urban residents have better mental health than rural residents (p < 0.01). In addition, the test results for the mediating effect of Internet use on mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents were significant (p < 0.01), with a direct effect of −0.028 (p < 0.01) and an indirect effect of −0.49 (p < 0.01), and this result remained significant in the robustness test.DiscussionIn such a new age of the Internet, mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents objectively did exist, and the use of the internet played a positive mediation effect on the formation of mental health inequalities between urban and rural areas.

Ras and Rab interactor 3 (RIN3) functions as a Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) for some members of the Rab family of small GTPase. By promoting the activation of Rab5, RIN3 plays an important role in regulating endocytosis and endocytic trafficking. In addition, RIN3 activates Ras, another small GTPase, that controls multiple signaling pathways to regulate cellular function. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of RIN3 activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of several disease conditions ranging from Paget’s Disease of the Bone (PDB), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and to obesity. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified variants in the RIN3 gene to be linked with these disease conditions. Interestingly, some variants appear to be missense mutations in the functional domains of the RIN3 protein while most variants are located in the noncoding regions of the RIN3 gene, potentially altering its gene expression. However, neither the protein structure of RIN3 nor its exact function(s) (except for its GEF activity) has been fully defined. Furthermore, how the polymorphisms/variants contribute to disease pathogenesis remain to be understood. Herein, we examine, and review published studies in an attempt to provide a better understanding of the physiological function of RIN3; More importantly, we construct a framework linking the polymorphisms/variants of RIN3 to altered cell signaling and endocytic traffic, and to potential disease mechanism(s).

Ethanol tolerance is crucial for the oenological yeasts. Rosa roxburghii Tratt, a Rosaceae plant native to China, is rich in nutritional and medicinal ingredients. In this study, ethanol-tolerant non-Saccharomyces yeasts were screened, and their oenological properties were further evaluated. Three ethanol-tolerant yeast strains (designated as C6, F112, and F15), which could tolerate 12% (v/v) ethanol treatment, were isolated from R. roxburghii, and identified as Candida tropicalis, Pichia guilliermondii, and Wickerhamomyces anomalus, respectively. The winemaking condition tolerances of these ethanol-tolerant yeast strains were similar to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae X16. However, their growth, sugar metabolic performance and sulphureted hydrogen activities, were different. The β-glucosidase production ability of strain W. anomalus F15 was lower than that of S. cerevisiae X16, and strains of C. tropicalis C6 and P. guilliermondii F112 were similar to S. cerevisiae X16. Electronic sensory properties of the R. roxburghii wines fermented using ethanol-tolerant yeasts together with S. cerevisiae showed no significant differences. However, the mixed inoculation of the ethanol-tolerant yeast strains with S. cerevisiae could regulate the volatile aroma characteristics of the fermented R. roxburghii wine, enriching and enhancing the aroma flavor. Therefore, the selected ethanol-tolerant yeasts have the potential for application in the production of unique R. roxburghii wine.

Wickerhamomyces anomalus (W. anomalus) is widely reported in the brewing industry and has positive effects on the aromatic profiles of wines because of its unique physiological characteristics and metabolic features. However, the accumulation of ethanol during fermentation inhibits the growth of W. anomalus. Thiamine is involved in the response against various abiotic stresses in microorganisms. Therefore, we used transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to study the effect of thiamine on ethanol-stressed W. anomalus. The results indicate that thiamine could alleviate the inhibitory effect of ethanol stress on the survival of W. anomalus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) caused by the thiamine intervention were identified as oxidative phosphorylation through integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. In addition, ethanol treatment decreased the content of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), while thiamine partially alleviated this phenomenon. The present comprehensive transcriptional overview and metabolomic analysis provide insights about the mechanisms of thiamine protection on W. anomalus under ethanol stress and promote the potential applications of W. anomalus in the fermentation industry.