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We reported our comparative observations on oligotrophs vs. copiotrophs from a hyper-alkaline and hypersaline habitat, Lonar Lake, situated in the Buldhana district of Maharashtra, India. Cell numbers of oligotrophic and copiotrophicmicrobes fromthe sediment were enumerated by the three-tube most probable number (MPN) method using an array of nutrient-rich and oligotrophic (≈10-20mg carbon L-1) media offering simulated natural conditions of pH and salinity. A total of 50 strains from 15 different genera and 30 different species were isolated from the highest positive dilutions of MPN to identify the taxa of oligotrophs and copiotrophic microorganisms dominating in Lonar Lake. We did not get any true oligotrophs due to their adaptation to higher carbon levels during the isolation procedure. On the contrary, several true copiotrophs, which could not adapt and survive on a low-carbonmedium, were isolated. It is also observed that changes inmedium composition and nutrient level altered the selection of organisms from the same sample. Our data indicate that copiotrophic microorganisms dominate the eutrophic Lonar Lake, which is also supported by the past metagenomics studies from the same site. We also reported that quick depletion of carbon fromoligotrophicmediumworked as a limiting factor, inducing cell death after 2-3 generations and preventing the development of visible colonies on plates and suffcient optical density in liquid medium. Therefore, a long-term supply of low levels of carbon, followed by isolation on enriched media, can serve as a good strategy in isolation of novel taxa of microorganism, with industrial or environmental importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]