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PurposeTo examine the potential association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hyperuricemia and to elucidate the underlying contributory factors.MethodsRetrospective study on 603 women with PCOS and 604 women without PCOS. Anthropometric features, reproductive hormone profiles, and metabolic parameters were measured and compared between two groups of patients. Examinations of correlations between SUA levels and other parameters were conducted to discern potential correlations.ResultsBoth serum uric acid levels and the incidence of hyperuricemia exhibited statistically significant elevations in women with PCOS when compared to their counterparts without PCOS. Nonetheless, this statistical difference was not found between the obese subgroup after stratifying study subjects by body mass index (BMI). Pearson’s correlation analysis underscored the prominence of BMI as a robust factor influencing SUA levels in women, regardless of their PCOS status. Furthermore, multivariable linear regression model demonstrated significant positive associations between SUA levels and several variables, namely dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), free androgen index (FAI), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), area under the curve for insulin (AUC-I), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Additionally, it is noteworthy that the prevalence of hyperuricemia exhibited a positive association with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, while conversely, it displayed a negative association with estradiol (E2) levels.ConclusionsPCOS is associated with a significant elevation of SUA level and hyperuricemia prevalence. HA, IR, and dyslipidemia may be the mediators in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia in women with PCOS.

BackgroundNeuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPCa) is the most aggressive type of prostate cancer (PCa). However, energy metabolism, one of the hallmarks of cancer, in NEPCa has not been well studied. Pyruvate kinase M (PKM), which catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, has two main splicing isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2. The expression pattern of PKM1 and PKM2 in NEPCa remains unknown.MethodsIn this study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and bioinformatics analysis to examine the expression of PKM1 and PKM2 in mouse and human prostatic tissues.ResultsWe found that PKM2 was the predominant isoform expressed throughout prostate development and PCa progression, with slightly reduced expression in murine NEPCa. PKM1 was mostly expressed in stromal cells but low-level PKM1 was also detected in prostate basal epithelial cells. Its expression was absent in the majority of prostate adenocarcinoma (AdPCa) specimens but present in a subset of NEPCa. Additionally, we evaluated the mRNA levels of ten PKM isoforms that express exon 9 (PKM1-like) or exon 10 (PKM2-like). Some of these isoforms showed notable expression levels in PCa cell lines and human PCa specimens.DiscussionOur study characterized the expression pattern of PKM1 and PKM2 in prostatic tissues including developing, benign, and cancerous prostate. These findings lay the groundwork for understanding the metabolic changes in different PCa subtypes.

PurposeTo exhibit the lipid profiles in PCOS women with different characteristics and to access correlations between alternation of key lipid parameters and characteristics of PCOS.DesignA retrospective study.ParticipantsA total of 700 PCOS women were included.MethodsRetrospective study on 700 women (age 24.6 ± 4.7 years), diagnosed with PCOS in the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University according to Rotterdam criteria. Anthropometric features, hormone levels, lipid levels, and metabolic parameters were measured and compared between PCOS patients with different characteristics.ResultsThere was a high prevalence of dyslipidemia among Chinese PCOS patients (41.3%), and the most common pattern was low HDL. Patients with clinical hyperandrogenism presented with significantly decreased HDL and Apo-A levels. The levels of TG, LDL, Apo-B, TG/HDL, and Apo-B/Apo-A were significantly increased in the insulin resistance subgroup. The levels of TC and TG were significantly increased in the dysglycemia and T2DM women. And in general, the levels of TG, and Apo-B had an increasing trend with BMI. Moreover, AI, TG/HDL, and Apo-B/Apo-A ratios were associated with some characteristics of PCOS, such as insulin resistance, and obesity.ConclusionThe PCOS women with different characteristics presented with different lipid profiles, and there is a complex correlation between lipid metabolism and PCOS characteristics, which may explain the increased risk of long-term cardiovascular disease. Regular screening of blood lipids is essential for PCOS women. Identification of optimal subgroups in PCOS patients that need lipid-lowering treatment and therapeutic effectiveness is worth exploring.