1. The Postprandial Glycaemic and Hormonal Responses Following the Ingestion of a Novel, Ready-to-Drink Shot Containing a Low Dose of Whey Protein in Centrally Obese and Lean Adult Males: A Randomised Controlled Trial
- Author
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Emma J. Stevenson, Kieran Smith, Kelly A Bowden Davies, Guy S. Taylor, Dean M. Allerton, Lise Hoej Brunsgaard, and Daniel J. West
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Eating ,Endocrinology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ,Insulin ,Ingestion ,incretin peptides ,education.field_of_study ,Cross-Over Studies ,C-Peptide ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Middle Aged ,Postprandial Period ,Clinical Trial ,Postprandial ,England ,Obesity, Abdominal ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Adult ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,postprandial glycaemia ,Population ,GIP - glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide ,Incretin ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ,metabolic syndrome ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Gastrointestinal Hormones ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,gastric emptying ,Insulin resistance ,Thinness ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Food, Formulated ,central obesity ,Gastric emptying ,business.industry ,GLP-1 - glucagon-like peptide-1 ,whey protein ,Glucagon ,RC648-665 ,medicine.disease ,Whey Proteins ,Metabolic syndrome ,business - Abstract
PurposeElevated postprandial glycaemia [PPG] increases the risk of cardiometabolic complications in insulin-resistant, centrally obese individuals. Therefore, strategies that improve PPG are of importance for this population. Consuming large doses of whey protein [WP] before meals reduces PPG by delaying gastric emptying and stimulating the secretion of the incretin peptides, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP] and glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1]. It is unclear if these effects are observed after smaller amounts of WP and what impact central adiposity has on these gastrointestinal processes.MethodsIn a randomised-crossover design, 12 lean and 12 centrally obese adult males performed two 240 min mixed-meal tests, ~5–10 d apart. After an overnight fast, participants consumed a novel, ready-to-drink WP shot (15 g) or volume-matched water (100 ml; PLA) 10 min before a mixed-nutrient meal. Gastric emptying was estimated by oral acetaminophen absorbance. Interval blood samples were collected to measure glucose, insulin, GIP, GLP-1, and acetaminophen.ResultsWP reduced PPG area under the curve [AUC0–60] by 13 and 18.2% in the centrally obese and lean cohorts, respectively (both p ACTIVE/TOTAL ratio comparative to PLA (p = 0.004), indicative of reduced GLP-1 degradation. Conversely, no treatment effects for GLP-1ACTIVE/TOTAL were seen in obese subjects.ConclusionPre-meal ingestion of a novel, ready-to-drink WP shot containing just 15 g of dietary protein reduced PPG in lean and centrally obese males. However, an attenuated GLP-1 response to mealtime WP and increased incretin degradation might impact the efficacy of nutritional strategies utilising the actions of GLP-1 to regulate PPG in centrally obese populations. Whether these defects are caused by an individual’s insulin resistance, their obese state, or other obesity-related ailments needs further investigation.Clinical Trial RegistrationISRCTN.com, identifier [ISRCTN95281775]. https://www.isrctn.com/.
- Published
- 2021
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