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10 Pág. Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, At present, there are numerous examples in which symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia can totally replace the use of nitrogen fertilizers in legume crops. Over the years, there has been a great effort by research institutions to develop and select rhizobial inoculants adapted for these crops. The symbiotic process is highly dependent on the dynamic exchange of signals and molecular nutrients between partners. Our focus in this review was to discuss the two key determinants in successful symbiotic interactions of rhizobia to nodulate pulses. One of them is the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and the other the presence of the type VI secretion system (T6SS). EPS are extracellular polymers weakly associated with the bacterial surface and are abundantly released into acid soils facilitating, among other functions, an adaptation of rhizobia to this environment. On the other hand, different protein secretion systems, involved in symbiosis, have been described in rhizobia. This is not the case with the T6SS. The current availability of various rhizobial genomes offers the possibility of discussing its role in symbiosis. The study of these determinants will be of great utility for the selection of effective inoculants for legumes, a promising way to improve nitrogen acquisition by legumes., LR was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (RTI2018-094985-B-100). TC and EL were supported by the National Council for Scientic and Technological Development (CNPq) (Proceeding No. 401886/2016-1) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (Proceeding No. 19/13493-1). BD was supported by a scholarship from CNPq-GDE-204842/2018-2. LT was supported by scholarships from the National Exceptional Program (PNE), Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Algeria, and from the Erasmus+ Programme project 2019-1-ES01- KA107-063778.