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7. Association Analysis and Identification of ZmHKT1;5 Variation With Salt-Stress Tolerance

Author

Yu Jiang, Xiaohui Shan, Guangshu Song, Chao Jiang, Liu Yanzhi, Fengxue Jin, Zhilei Jiang, Wei Zhengyi, and Yidan Li

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Antioxidant, medicine.medical_treatment, stress-associated gene, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT), Inbred strain, medicine, lcsh:SB1-1110, natural variation, Allele, maize (Zea mays), Gene, Original Research, chemistry.chemical_classification, Genetics, salt tolerance, Reactive oxygen species, Wild type, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) genes are essential for plant salt stress tolerance. However, there were limited studies on HKTs in maize (Zea mays), and it is basically unknown whether natural sequence variations in these genes are associated with the phenotypic variability of salt tolerance. Here, the characterization of ZmHKT1;5 was reported. Under salt stress, ZmHKT1;5 expression increased strongly in salt-tolerant inbred lines, which accompanied a better-balanced Na+/K+ ratio and preferable plant growth. The association between sequence variations in ZmHKT1;5 and salt tolerance was evaluated in a diverse population comprising 54 maize varieties from different maize production regions of China. Two SNPs (A134G and A511G) in the coding region of ZmHKT1;5 were significantly associated with different salt tolerance levels in maize varieties. In addition, the favorable allele of ZmHKT1; 5 identified in salt tolerant maize varieties effectively endowed plant salt tolerance. Transgenic tobacco plants of overexpressing the favorable allele displayed enhanced tolerance to salt stress better than overexpressing the wild type ZmHKT1;5. Our research showed that ZmHKT1;5 expression could effectively enhance salt tolerance by maintaining an optimal Na+/K+ balance and increasing the antioxidant activity that keeps reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a low accumulation level. Especially, the two SNPs in ZmHKT1;5 might be related with new amino acid residues to confer salt tolerance in maize. Key Message: Two SNPs of ZmHKT1;5 related with salt tolerance were identified by association analysis. Overexpressing ZmHKT1;5 in tobaccos showed that the SNPs might enhance its ability to regulating Na+/K+ homeostasis.

Published
2018
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9. Adaptive evolution of energy metabolism-related genes in hypoxia-tolerant mammals

Author

Tian, Ran, Yin, Daiqing, Liu, Yanzhi, Seim, Inge, Xu, Shixia, Yang, Guang, Tian, Ran, Yin, Daiqing, Liu, Yanzhi, Seim, Inge, Xu, Shixia, and Yang, Guang

Abstract

Animals that are able to sustain life under hypoxic conditions have long captured the imagination of biologists and medical practitioners alike. Although the associated morphological modifications have been extensively described, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of hypoxia tolerance are not well understood. To provide such insights, we investigated genes in four major energy metabolism pathways, and provide evidence of distinct evolutionary paths to mammalian hypoxia-tolerance. Positive selection of genes in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway mainly occurred in terrestrial hypoxia-tolerant species; possible adaptations to chronically hypoxic environments. The strongest candidate for positive selection along cetacean lineages was the citrate cycle signaling pathway, suggestive of enhanced aerobic metabolism during and after a dive. Six genes with cetacean-specific amino acid changes are rate-limiting enzymes involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway, which would be expected to enhance the lactate removal after diving. Intriguingly, 38 parallel amino acid substitutions in 29 genes were observed between hypoxia-tolerant mammals. Of these, 76.3% were radical amino acid changes, suggesting that convergent molecular evolution drives the adaptation to hypoxic stress and similar phenotypic changes. This study provides further insights into life under low oxygen conditions and the evolutionary trajectories of hypoxia-tolerant species.

Published
2017

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