1. Protective and Regenerative Roles of T Cells in Central Nervous System Disorders
- Author
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Alerie Guzman de la Fuente, Frances Evans, Marie Dittmer, and Denise C. Fitzgerald
- Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,0301 basic medicine ,T-Lymphocytes ,T cell ,neurological disorders ,Immunology ,Central nervous system ,Review ,Disease ,Adaptive Immunity ,Neuroprotection ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Central Nervous System Diseases ,adaptive immune system ,medicine ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,Behavior ,business.industry ,Regeneration (biology) ,Multiple sclerosis ,Brain ,central nervous system ,medicine.disease ,Acquired immune system ,CD4+ T cells ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,regeneration ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,business ,Neuroscience ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Pathogenic mechanisms of T cells in several central nervous system (CNS) disorders are well-established. However, more recent studies have uncovered compelling beneficial roles of T cells in neurological diseases, ranging from tissue protection to regeneration. These divergent functions arise due to the diversity of T cell subsets, particularly CD4+ T cells. Here, we review the beneficial impact of T cell subsets in a range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, and CNS trauma. Both T cell-secreted mediators and direct cell contact-dependent mechanisms deliver neuroprotective, neuroregenerative and immunomodulatory signals in these settings. Understanding the molecular details of these beneficial T cell mechanisms will provide novel targets for therapeutic exploitation that can be applied to a range of neurological disorders.
- Published
- 2019