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Lightning rods have been developed to prevent damage caused by lightning to organisms. However, the biological effect of the current transmitted into the soil through lightning rods is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effects of lightning on soil properties, the microbial community, and the active components of Pu-erh tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) near lightning rods. The results showed that the contents of organic matter and available potassium, copper, and calcium in rhizosphere soil near the lightning rod were significantly higher than those in control soil (P < 0.05), while the contents of total potassium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, and aluminum decreased. Lightning significantly increased the bacterial diversity of Pu-erh rhizosphere soil compared to control soil samples (P < 0.05). Sphingomonas, Nitrospira, and Reyranella were significantly enriched in soil samples near the lightning rod compared to soil samples far from the lightning rod. Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that adenosine/AMP kinase, chitodextrinase, flavorubredoxin, nucleotide metabolism, and carbohydrate digestion and absorption were significantly enriched in the rhizosphere soil samples near the lightning rod compared to the control samples (P < 0.05). β diversity analysis indicated the grounding of the lightning rod contributed to the community differentiation of rhizosphere bacteria. Amino acids, polyphenols, and soluble sugar increased in Pu-erh tea near the lightning rod, while the contents of catechin and anthocyanin decreased in Pu-erh tea near the lightning rod compared with the control sample (P < 0.05). Significant correlations were found among microbial indicators, soil properties, and Pu 'er tea components. This study serves as the first report on the effects of lightning rods on soil properties, microecology, and plant metabolism, which promotes the understanding of the biological effects of lightning, and provides a reference for the rational use of lightning resources.