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Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown favorable therapeutic effects in recurrent or metastatic or locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M/LA HNSCC). However, the effects of immunotherapy in HNSCC are still inconsistent because of complicating factors. This meta-analysis tries to provide a more precise assessment of the efficacy and safety of this integrated approach in HNSCC., Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. The outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). A total of 8 out of 2445 articles were analyzed, including 5067 HNSCC patients, including 823 and 4244 patients with LA HNSCC and R/M HNSCC., Results: The combined data revealed that immunotherapy has an apparent difference in OS (HR 0.86 95% CI 0.77-0.98) compared with standard of care (Soc, like fluoropyrimidine, methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab) but was equal with the other treatment in PFS (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.85-1.37). Furthermore, the occurrence of grade 3 or higher adverse events related to the drugs was lower than systematic therapy (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.17-0.73)., Conclusions: The study has provided compelling evidence that immunotherapy is a significant benefit in OS for HNSCC patients, either R/M HNSCC or LA HNSCC, immunochemotherapy may benefit more for these patients, but double-agent immunotherapy showed no more benefit for R/M HNSCC patients., Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, identifier CRD42023471570., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Jiang, Wang and Zhu.)

Novel anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) fusions are still being discovered in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most patients with ALK + NSCLC respond favorably to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this case report, we identified a novel nonreciprocal ALK fusion, namely, junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum protein 1 ( JSRP1 ) intergenic region- ALK fusion (Jintergenic: A20) via next-generation sequencing in a female patient initially diagnosed with stage IV B lung adenocarcinoma. Further examination of biopsy specimen and analysis of clinical samples by a multidisciplinary team confirmed the diagnosis of ALK + NSCLC. At the 2- and 4-months follow-up after receiving alectinib, the patient responded rapidly, implying that alectinib had a remarkable therapeutic effect. We identified a novel JSRP1 intergenic region- ALK fusion as a carcinogenic mutation that responds to alectinib, thereby expanding the spectrum of ALK fusion partners in ALK + NSCLC. This study may help clinicians detect oncogenic mutations and provide timely treatment to patients with ALK + NSCLC., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Xue, Xu, Jiang, Kang, Usman and Zhu.)