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Objective: Parasitizing in the small intestines of cattle, buffalo and bison, Toxocara vitulorum is seen in countries with humid tropical and subtropical climates, including Türkiye. Adult parasites can cause digestive disorders such as loss of appetite, weakness, diarrhea or constipation, and sometimes death, especially in calves. This study was planned to investigate the distribution of T. vitulorum in cattle of the Ağrı region., Methods: In this study, stool samples of the size of a walnut were taken from the rectum of 200 calves 0-6 months old and 200 cattle older than 1 year in the province of Ağrı and its districts, and the preparations were prepared using the saturated zinc sulfate flotation method and the preparations were examined under a light microscope., Results: T. vitulorum eggs were detected in 70 (35%) of 200 calves aged 0-6 months and 21 (10.5%) of 200 cattle over one year old. The difference in positivity between cattle over one year old and calves was statistically significant (p=0.001). With fecal examination ın 22 of the calves (11%), Trichostrongylidae spp. eggs were detected., Conclusion: It was determined that the prevalence of T. vitulorum in calves was high in Diyadin, Eleşkirt, Doğubayazıt, Hamur, Taşlıçay, Tutak and Patnos districts of Ağrı province. We believe that larger-scale studies should be conducted on the spread of this parasite, which causes significant low yields in cattle breeding.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the intestinal parasite distributions in patients who applied to the Parasitology Laboratory of Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, by evaluating the parasites retrospectively., Methods: Normal saline and stool lugol were applied for direct examination of stool samples that were sent for parasite examination; cellophane band samples were evaluated microscopically. The samples suspected to have protozoa were evaluated using modified acid fast and trichrome staining methods. We evaluated the parasitological examination results of patients who applied to our laboratory between January 2012 and December 2018., Results: A total of 2.96% of the 20,948 patients who applied had parasites in their faeces. Blastocystis spp. was detected at the highest rate (63.23%), followed by Giardia intestinalis (17.26%), Enterobius vermicularis (12.58%), Taenia saginata (2.42%), Cryptosporidium spp. (1.94%) and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (1.45%)., Conclusion: Although the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections has decreased when compared to previous years, it still remains important. For this reason, solving infrastructure problems, providing information on personal hygiene and sanitation rules are among the most important tasks needed to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasites.

Objective: Hydatidosis is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus . The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical structures of germinal membrane and cyst fluids obtained from patients with liver involvement during surgery, by Raman spectroscopy at the molecular level., Methods: Molecular characterization of germinal membrane and cyst fluid according to mitochondrial gene region was determined and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Raman spectroscopy was used in samples and spectral bands between 300 and 1800 cm -1 were examined., Results: As a result of PCR, approximately 400 bp DNA band was obtained from germinal membranes and cyst fluids gathered from patients. Peaks were observed at 780, 880, 970, 1151, 1200, 1270 cm -1 for germinal membrane and at 780 and 1200 cm -1 for cyst fluid. The highest spectral bands were obtained at 1333-1335 cm -1 and were determined to be modes indicating the CH3CH2 collagen and polynucleotide chain., Conclusion: In the identification of microorganisms and biochemical analysis of biological tissues; different diagnostic methods such as molecular, serological and conventional methods are used. In addition to these methods, Raman spectroscopy has been shown in studies to be a fast, non-destructive and noninvasive method. Therefore, it is thought to be an alternative method for analyzing the basic biochemical components of microorganisms at molecular level.

Objective: The objective of the study is to detect the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Kilis province, determine the risk factors for toxoplasmosis, and assess the effect of risk factors on seropositivity., Methods: The research performed in Kilis State Hospital was a cross-sectional study in which Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used. The study included women between the ages of 15 and 49 years. The number of samples was 322. Female patients participating had to fill a questionnaire form of 27 questions in total, and blood samples were taken. Survey and laboratory results were uploaded to SPSS 15 program and assessed., Results: As results of the study, the seropositivity of anti-Toxoplasma gondii (anti-T. gondii) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies was determined to be 63.4% and that of anti-T. gondii Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies was determined to be 4.0%. It was found that the seropositivity of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies was significantly dependent on age groups, educational status, number of live births, and habits of raw or undercooked meat consumption. It was found that the IgM seroprevalence in 210 pregnant women was 3.8%, and the IgG seroprevalence was positive at 59.5%; no statistical significance could be determined in both., Conclusion: It was determined that age distribution, income and educational levels, and eating habits of people living in the research region affect toxoplasmosis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the direct microscopy used for detection of intestinal parasites with antigen casette tests used in diagnosis of giardiasis and crypyosporidiasis., Methods: Forty-six children who lived in the Şanlıurfa Orphanage were enrolled in this study. The stool specimens were taken in the morning and examined by using native-lugol, modified formalin-ethylacetate concentration methods and cellophane tape method on the same day at the Microbiology laboratory of Harran University. Also Kinyoun-acid fast stained preparations were used for the detection of Cryptosporidium. R-biopharm Cryptosporidium/Giardia casette antigen test was used for the determinaton of giardiasis and crytosporidiasis., Results: The mean age of the children enrolled in this study was 8.61±3.45 and the distribution of gender was 24 female (52.2%), 22 male (47.8%), respectively. According to stool examinations, 9 of 46 examples (19.60%) were determined as Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium spp. had never been found. The result of the antigen screening casette test showed 9 of 46 samples (19.60%) were positive for G. intestinalis. Also Cryptosporidium spp. had never been found by the antigen casette test., Conclusion: When we compared the results of the direct microscopy and antigen casette tests, we found no significant difference between them for test reliability (p > 0.05). Antigen tests have higher sensitivity (100%) and specifity (100%) than the modified acid-fast staining technique, therefore, it is a preferred reference method . However, an experienced staff working accurately might access the same conclusion. Considering the cost of antigen tests, direct microscopic examination is cheaper, andeasier when it used by an experienced person.

Objective: Malaria is still an important public health problem both in Turkey and the world. In this investigation, the records of patients with malaria that had been detected by the Health Directorship of Bitlis between 1998 and 2008 were examined., Methods: The retrospective study was performed on data from the Provincial Health Directory. During this 11-year period, a total of 86,951 blood samples were taken by active and pasive surveillance. Thin and thick blood smears stained with Giemsa were examined by immersion objective under microscope., Results: A total of 659 (0.75%) malaria cases were detected. Of these cases, 368 (55.84%) were male and 291 (44.16%) female. It was also observed that the positive cases were found mostly between 1998-2000 and showed an increase between May-September and an important decrease from 2001. Out of the 659 cases of malaria, 599 (90.9%) cases were indigenous, 60 (9.1%) cases were imported and in all cases the determinant was Plasmodium vivax., Conclusion: It is hoped that, with this study, the data will contribute to the epidemiology of malaria and its prevention in Bitlis.