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Objective: Neurological manifestations associated with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are broad and heterogeneous. Although the predominant clinical presentation is respiratory dysfunction, concerns have been raised about the neurological hallmarks. Many reports suggest some findings on electroencephalography (EEG) can be relevant to COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital and referred for EEG from March 1, 2020 to February 15, 2021, were retrospectively enrolled. When research databases were queried with the terms “COVID-19 (ICD code: 10: U07.3) and “EEG”, total number of patients obtained was 32. Number of patients excluded due to unconfirmed diagnose with COVID-19 was 12. Twenty adult patients with certain diagnose of COVID-19 who underwent 21-electrode routine EEG during the outbreak with neurological deterioration were identified. Results: Background abnormalities was evident in one of fourth patients (n=5, 25%). Mild diffuse slowing (n=3, 15%) and focal slowing (n=3, 15%) with left frontotemporal tendency (n=2, 10%) were observed. Epileptiform abnormalities and seizures were detected showing focal (n=4, 20%) or generalized onset (n=1, 5%). Conclusion: Here we performed a retrospective single-centre study to evaluate the electroencephalographic findings in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 since it remains unknown. it needs to be more clarified with increasing number of recordings

Epilepsia partialis continua is characterized by continuous clonic contractions of a certain area of the body. One of the most common causes of Epilepsia partialis continua in adults is cerebrovascular events. Other causes include meningoencephalitis, Rasmussen encephalitis, diabetic nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, central nervous system malignancies, tuberculosis, cerebral venous thrombosis, or idiopathic. A 70-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with abdominal muscle contractions for about an hour. Neurodiagnostic imaging revealed an encephalomalasia area secondary to the area of the previous infarction in the left frontoparietal region. Focal motor findings were controlled within 5 min after the VPA (valproic acid) treatment at a dose of 15 mg/kg admission, and then the treatment was continued with 1500 mg/day Valproic acid. Here, we aimed to emphasize that myoclonic jerks confined to the abdominal region is a rare motor phenomenon and may be a feature of Epilepsia partialis continua, the history of stroke should be questioned in the etiology, and seizures can be controlled with IV Valproic acid treatment.

Summary Gelastic seizures are typically associated with hypothalamic hamartoma. Given the rarity of gelastic seizures, pathways for the motor and emotional aspects of laughter have been hypothesized but remain unclear. Only few case reports of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex who developed gelastic epilepsy have been reported. In this case study, we report a case of TS that presented itself mainly with dermatologic manifestations and without any neurological findings other than gelastic seizures. Ictal EEG revealed an active epileptic activity on the right fronto-temporal region. Clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with gelastic epilepsy that originated from temporal and extra-temporal lobes. Seizures were controlled using carbamazepine and levetiracetam polytherapy. In our case, there is no evidence of cortical and subcortical tubers, subependymal glial nodules, giant cell astrocytomas or aneurysm.

INTRODUCTION: This study is aimed to determine the effect of ventrogluteal injection training on the health professionals' knowledge levels and preferences about the use of the ventroglu- teal region for intramuscular injections. METHODS: The semi-experimental study was conducted as a pretest and post-test design. This study was performed at a private hospital between January and September 2018 with 81 health professionals. The data were collected with a questionnaire in line with the lit- erature. Participants were divided into two groups, after completion of questionnaire forms. Each group received 2 hours of in-service, and one-to-one theoretical and also practical training on models. After the training each participants' level of proficiency on their ventrogluteal injections was evaluated with a form developed by the researchers. Six months later using the same questionnaire form their knowledge level and preferences on the use of ventrogluteal region for intramuscular injections were evaluated. RESULTS: After the training, it was seen that the average number of correct answers about the information for the ventrogluteal region was increased. It was determined that 60.5% of the participants did not prefer to use the ventrogluteal region for injections before the training, but this number was lowered to 29.6% after the training. In addition to this, the 27.5% who used the dorsogluteal region for injections before the training indicated that they would prefer the ventrogluteal region after the training. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that less than expected number of professionals chose the ventrogluteal region as the first preference for IM injection despite the fact that the par- ticipants gained the proficiency for IM injection on ventrogluteal region after the training. As a result, it is recommended that in-service training should be given to health profes- sionals and they should be encouraged to use the ventrogluteal region for intramuscular injections during clinical practices.

Many electrocardiogram changes associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage have been described. A 55-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency service due to complaints of dizziness and fainting after headache persisting for several days. Left bundle branch block was detected on electrocardiogram, and a subarachnoid hemorrhage was detected on brain tomography. Our case illustrates that left bundle branch block may occur in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, having no symptoms of a heart problem, previously.