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Objectives:To perform the measurements of the optic disc and macula in healthy children using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in order to determine the normative data values and compare these by age, gender, spherical equivalent (SE), and axial length (AL).Materials and Methods:A total of 146 eyes belonging to 146 healthy children (74 girls, 72 boys) aged 6 to 16 years were included in this prospective study. Refraction and biometry measurements were performed. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), central macular volume, and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after dilatation. Using the OCTA device, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vascular density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) of the macula, and the VD of the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) of the optic disc were recorded.Results:The mean age of the study group was 11.27±3 years, the mean AL was 23.39±1.18 mm and the mean SE was -1.31±1.61 diopters. The mean FAZ area was 0.3±0.09 mm2, the mean SCP-VD was 43.88±3.4%, the mean DCP-VD was 39.6±3.55%, and the mean RPCP-VD was 52.47±3.42%. When the relationship between the OCTA measurements and the SE and AL values were analyzed, there was no statistical significance (p>0.05). When age and OCTA measurements were compared, only DCP-VD values were found to significantly decrease with increasing age (p=0.015). There was no significant difference in OCTA measurements based on gender (p>0.05). Similarly, no statistical age-based differences were observed in RNFLT, CMV and CMT values (p>0.05).Conclusion:With its short procedure time and no dye requirement, OCTA can be safely used in the evaluation of the optic disc and macular perfusion in children. Determination of normative values in children will be useful in detecting pathologic changes in tissue in patients with retinal diseases.

Goldmann-Favre syndrome, which is caused by mutation of the NR2E3 gene, is a retinal degenerative disease with a wide spectrum of phenotypic properties. Variations in clinical presentation result in difficulties in differential diagnosis. In this article, Goldmann-Favre syndrome cases with different clinical findings are presented. Clinical characteristics of our cases were reviewed and discussed in light of the literature.

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the patients who were referred to our clinic with a prediagnosis of glaucoma based on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects on optic coherence tomography (OCT) but were determined to have nonglaucomatous RNLF defects upon detailed examination. Materials and Methods: The ophthalmic examination notes, OCT images, Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT) II and fundus photographs of 357 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Final diagnoses of these patients were investigated. Results: Of the 357 patients, 216 (60.5%) were diagnosed as open angle glaucoma, 33 (9.2%) as low-tension glaucoma, 39 (10.9%) as pre-perimetric glaucoma. The ophthalmic examinations of 14 patients (3.9%) were normal and there were no RNFL defects in OCT examinations after dilatation. In 39 patients (10.9%), the ophthalmic and optic disc examinations were completely normal and no etiologic factor explaining RNFL defects was found. Twenty-two eyes of 16 patients (4.5%) were included in this study (the mean age was 53.8±11.5 years; 9 men and 7 women). After detailed questioning of the medical history and systemic and neurologic examinations, a diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy was made in 11 eyes (10 patients) (2.8%), optic neuritis in 3 eyes (2 patients) (0.6%), optic disc drusen in 4 eyes (2 patients) (0.6%), pseudotumor cerebri in 2 eyes (1 patient) (0.3%), and cerebral palsy in 2 eyes (1 patient) (0.3%). Conclusion: Decrease in RNFL thickness on OCT images alone may be misleading in glaucoma examination. In cases where optic disc cupping is not evident, diagnosis should not be based on OCT RNFL examinations alone, and the patient’s medical history, detailed ophthalmic examination, OCT optic disc parameters, HRT, and visual field tests should all be carefully evaluated together.

Several ancillary tests could be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of complications of eye tumors. Among those, ultrasound biomicroscopy has a particular role in the evaluation of anterior segment tumors. Optic coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence have values in determining the architecture of posterior segment tumors and the effects of tumors on the adjacent structures. However, it should be noted that those tests have a meaning when they are evaluated together with the clinical features of the lesions. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: Supplement 66-70)

Objectives: To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: In our study, we included 44 eyes of 44 patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery and had no preexisting pathology involving the retina, optic nerve, or cornea. All patients were scanned by OCT for RNFL measurements 1 day before and 1 month after cataract surgery. The grading of cataract was based on the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). Results: The mean age of patients was 62.68±9.46 years. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.29±0.12 preoperatively and 0.93±0.12 at postoperative one month. The mean RNFL thickness preoperatively was 89.43±23.0 µ and postoperatively was 106.57±12.5 µ. The difference was statistically significant. The mean image quality preoperatively was 44.53% and postoperatively was 63.51%. The difference was also statistically significant. Conclusion: The presence of cataract may affect the image quality of OCT leading to lower RNFL thickness values than expected. Cataract surgery increases the image quality of OCT and allows accurate RNFL measurements. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 284-7)

Pur po se: To assess the tear function tests and the lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) in keratoconus patients and to evaluate the relationship of these parameters with the progression of keratoconus. Ma te ri al and Met hod: Thirty-eight eyes (group 1) of 21 keratoconus patients and 36 eyes (group 2) of 18 healthy subjects were included in this prospective study. Both groups underwent corneal topographic and keratometric measurements, tear break-up time (T-BUT) and Schirmer tests as well as measurement of the LTMH with anterior segment optic coherence tomography (OCT) after the ophthalmologic examination. The values obtained from both groups were compared and evaluated for statistical significance and reliability. Re sults: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and gender (p>0.05). The mean Schirmer test values were 14.87±8.9 mm and 16.77±8.1 mm in group 1 and group 2, respectively (p=0.367). There was not any correlation between the keratometric power and the Schirmer test in group 1 and group 2 (group 1: r=0.114, p=0.548, group 2: r=0.151, p=0.972). The mean TBUT value was 12.83±7.3 sec in group 1, and 18.25±8.5 sec in group 2 (p=0.018). There was a negative correlation between keratometric power and TBUT in group 1, while there was no correlation in group 2 (group 1: r=0.717, p=0.001, group 2: r=0.235, p=0.212). The mean LTMH was 265.30±112 µm in group 1 and 313.29±167 µm in group 2 (p=0.151). There was no correlation between keratometric power and LTMH in both groups (group 1: r=0.001, p=0.997, group 2: r=0.318, p=0.130). Dis cus si on: In this study, it was shown that keratoconus patients have normal tear volume but reduced tear film stability compared to healthy individuals and this reduction is relate to the progression of keratoconus. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 249-52)