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Objective: Information on cardiovascular problems related to childhood urinary stone disease is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the ventricular functions and subclinical cardiovascular risk in children with urolithiasis using echocardiographic measurements. Materials and Methods: Children diagnosed with urolithiasis were prospectively enrolled in the study as well as children with no urinary stone disease were confirmed via urinary ultrasonography. Body mass index and blood pressures were noted, as well as basic serum parameters. Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), epicardial fat tissue (EFT) thickness and periaortic fat tissue (PFT) thickness were measured via transthoracic echocardiography in addition to pulsed and tissue Doppler imaging. Myocardial performance indexes were also calculated and correlation analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 17 patients (10 boys) with a mean age of 8.57±2.62 years were included in this study. There were 17 children (12 boys) in the control group and their mean age was 9.53±1.72 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic and laboratory variables. Tissue Doppler echocardiography revealed that Tei indexes of the left ventricle, right ventricle and septum were significantly higher in the study group than in the controls (p<0.001 for all). The cIMT (0.041±0.012 vs. 0.025±0.002), EFT (0.432±0.083 vs. 0.325±0.032) and PFT thicknesses (0.138±0.029 vs. 0.113±0.008) of the study group was statistically higher than the control group (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively) indicating a higher CVD risk. Conclusion: Children with urolithiasis had not only biventricular early systolic and diastolic dysfunction but also subclinical atherosclerosis at early ages. Cardiovascular complications should be considered in the follow-up and treatment of children with urolithiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncocytic renal tumors are sometimes challenging since oncocytic morphology found in several renal tumors due to the lack of a standardized diagnosis. Some tumors with "borderline or intermediate" features are descriptively reported as "oncocytic" and/or "unclassified". This case report highlights a low-grade oncocytic renal tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if anti-platelet treatment would have any effect on the rate and duration of resolution in penile Mondor's disease. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with Mondor's disease between 2014 and 2018 was conducted. The patients were divided into two groups with regard to anti-platelet treatment. Age, initial symptom, medications [short-term fluoroquinolone antibiotics (Ab) ± low-dose acetyl salicylic acid (ASA)], and erectile function scores were evaluated. Moreover, ultrasonographic findings (location and length of thrombus) were noted. Results: A total of 14 patients were diagnosed with penile Mondor's disease. The mean age of the patients was 36 years (range: 18-66). The initial symptom was penile induration in all patients. Thrombus was located distally in 3, mid penile in 5 and proximally in 6. The median length of thrombus was 20 mm (range: 10-50 mm). In 13 patients (92.8%), thrombus resolved and patients became symptom-free. The median time to resolution was 3 weeks (range: 2-7). Eight patients received Ab + ASA while 5 received Ab only. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the rate and duration of resolution (p=1.00 and 0.55, respectively). Conclusion: Our results showed that anti-platelet treatment may be unnecessary for the treatment of penile Mondor's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is a rare form of pseudohermaphroditism. This article is made of two case reports showing malignant transformation. The first case was a 36-year-old male who presented with infertility. Unilateral inguinal mass and undescended testis were found on physical examination. The inguinal ultrasonography reported an inguinal mass on the same side while testicular tumor markers were within normal range. After surgical excision, pathologic examination revealed that the inguinal mass was uterus and intratubular germ cell neoplasm was present in the testis tissue. The second case was a 31-year-old male with 18 cm intraabdominal mass which was noticed during umbilical hernia repair. Physical examination revealed bilateral undescended testes with increased human chorionic gonadotropin levels. Preoperative abdominal imaging revealed a uterus posteriorly of the mass. Excision of the mass and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection were performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathology results revealed seminoma of the testis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) for benign diseases in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing hemodialysis with their non-CRF counterparts. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent LN between 2008 and 2019 was conducted. Patients with CRF requiring hemodialysis were defined as group 1 whereas those with normal renal function prior to surgery were defined as group 2. Operative and postoperative parameters, such as complications, American Anesthesiologists Association scores, perioperative bleeding, length of stay and Hb drop, as well as demographic data, were reviewed. Results: There were 22 patients in group 1 (13 females and 9 males) and 43 patients in group 2 (27 females and 16 males). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regards to mean intra operative bleeding (62.7±62.3 mL vs 55.9±54.7 mL, p=0.652) and Hb drop (0.9±0.8 g/dL vs 1.1±1.0 g/dL, p=0.475). The mean length of hospital stay was 3.8±1.0 days in group 1 whereas it was 3.4±1.3 days in group 2 (p=0.263). No conversion to open surgery was needed in the cohort. Complications were observed in 2 patients in group 1, both of which were blood transfusions and 3 patients in group 2 which were surgical site infection treated with iv antibiotics, delayed return of bowel movements and atelectasis that fully recovered after respiratory physiotherapy. Conclusion: Surgical outcomes in LN for benign urological problems in patients with CRF are comparable to those in patients with normal kidney function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare ceftriaxone and cefazoline sodium antibiotic prophylaxis in terms of development of Systemic Inflammatory Response syndrome (SIRS)/urosepsis in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent PCNL between June 2015 and October 2015 in our hospital were prospectively randomized to ceftriaxone (n=30) and cefazoline sodium (n=32) antibiotic prophylaxis groups. Patients with predisposing conditions to SIRS were excluded. Intraoperative urine cultures from renal pelvis and stone cultures were obtained from all patients. Clinical and laboratory findings of the patients who developed postoperative fever were evaluated. SIRS and urosepsis rates were compared between two groups. Results: There were 7 patients in ceftriaxone group (23.3%) and 4 patients in cefazoline sodium group (12.5%) who developed SIRS (p=0.264). Sepsis was observed in 2 patients in both groups (p=0.826). Prolonged duration of surgery in ceftriaxone group and renal pelvis urine culture positivity in cefazoline group were found to be statistically significant in patients who developed SIRS (p=0.02, p=0.015, respectively). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of SIRS and sepsis following PCNL. Therefore, cefazoline, which has a narrower antimicrobial spectrum, may be preferred for prophylaxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the rates of hospitalization due to subcapsular renal hematoma (SRH) following flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) and semirigid ureterorenoscopy (RURS) for the treatment of ureteral and renal stones. Materials and Methods: Patients who have been treated with FURS and RURS at two different institutions between March 2009 and February 2014 were enrolled in the study. Patient files and hospital records were reviewed. Pneumatic lithotriptor was used in RURS while holmium:yttrium aluminium garnet laser was used for FURS. Subcapsular hematoma diagnosis was based on clinical and radiological findings. Comparative analysis of patients with SRH in terms of age, sex, stone size/position, degree of preoperative hydronephrosis, duration of surgery and size of hematoma was done. Results: A total of 1187 patients were found to have undergone ureteroscopic intervention due to ureteal or renal stones. RURS was performed in 992 (83.6%) patients and FURS was performed in 195 patients (16.4%). Of the 992 patients who underwent RURS, postoperative SRH occurred in 6 patients (0.6%). Postoperative SRH occurred in 3 patients (1.5%) who underwent FURS. Of the 9 patients who developed SRH, blood transfusions were needed in three patients and one patient was treated with percutaneous drainage catheter insertion. No patient underwent open surgery. There was no statistically significant difference between the two types of surgeries with regard to age, stone size/localization, degree of preoperative hydronephrosis, duration of surgery and size of SRH (p>0.05). Conclusion: SRH is a rare complication following RURS and FURS. There is no statistically significant difference in the risk for this specific complication between FURS and RURS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]