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Objective: We aimed to investigate the long-term surveillance outcomes (biochemical recurrance, survival) and adequacy of active surveillance criteria to detect low-risk prostate cancer patients who were eligible for active surveillance but underwent radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: Data of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer between January 2005 and January 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Upstaging, upgrading, surveillance periods, and survival status of patients with clinical stage T1c and T2a, serum prostate-specific antigen below 10 ng/mL, International Society of Urological Pathology grade 1, number of tumor-positive cores in biopsy 2 and below, tumor percentage in tumor-positive cores 50 and below were inclusion criteria for active surveillance. Results: The study included 606 patients. Of these patients, 184 (30.4%) met the inclusion criteria for active surveillance. Upgrading was detected in 77 (41.8%) patients and upstaging in 29 (15.8%) patients who met the criteria for active surveillance. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density values of the patients who met the active surveillance criteria were significantly lower than those of the other patients (p<0.05). The mean surveillance period was 127.6±49.6 (8-227) months, and 123 patients died during this period. Among them, 18 (3%) patients died because of related causes of prostate cancer. None of the patients who met the criteria for active surveillance died because of prostate cancer (p=0.018). Conclusion: No cancer-related deaths were observed in patients who is eligible for active surveillance but underwent radical prostatectomy. This may suggest that active surveillance criteria are suitable for detecting low-risk prostate cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present the postoperative and oncological outcomes of patients diagnosed with unclassified renal cell carcinoma (uRCC). Materials and Methods: Radiological and pathological data of patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal tumour diagnosed with uRCC according to histopathologic evaluation were investigated between 2006 and 2013. Follow-up data, such as metastasis-free and overall survivals, were also evaluated. Patients' characteristics and data were compared between localised tumour (T1-T2) and locally invasive tumour (T3-T4) groups and metastasis positive and negative groups during follow-up, separately. Results: A total of 17 patients participated in the study, wherein 7 had adrenalectomy in addition to radical nephrectomy and 3 had lymph node dissection. The mean tumour diameter was 91.9±44 mm (30-200 mm), and seven patients were pathologically T3a, two were T3b and one patient had T4 tumour, whereas eight had Fuhrman grade 4 and five had Fuhrman grade 3 tumours. Pathologically, seven patients had tumours with sarcomatoid features, whereas four had microvascular invasion and seven had renal sinus invasion. T-stage correlated with renal sinus invasion and was identified as an important factor in metastasis progression. The overall survival time was observed to be low in locally invasive and metastasis positive groups. Nevertheless, differences were not statistically significant. In the investigation of factors affecting metastasis development, microvascular invasion and renal sinus invasion were significant. Conclusion: The study revealed more aggressive nature (advanced stage, bigger tumour, more aggressive histopathological features and more metastasis and shorter survival on follow-up) of uRCC tumours, even without obtaining statistically significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relevance of the Epstein criteria for the 12-core transrectal prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) scheme with the evaluation of clinicopathologic data recorded in the Urologic Cancer Database - Prostate (UroCaD-P), Urooncology Association, Turkey (UOAT). Materials and Methods: Patients with detailed pathological 12-core TRUS-Bx data for each biopsy core and who underwent RP due to PCa were included in this study. A total of 1167 patients from seven different centres were analysed. TRUS-Bx pathological findings were separately evaluated in the areas matching the sextant biopsy (6-core paramedian-lateral) scheme and in all 12-core biopsy areas (12-core biopsy scheme). Overall detection rates of PCa and ratios of clinically significant (sPCa) and insignificant PCa (insPCa) after RP were defined and compared between the biopsy schemes. Biopsy findings, according to the Epstein criteria, were also compared between the two schemes. A model for each biopsy scheme was created, including the Epstein criteria and additional biopsy findings using logistic regression analysis to predict clinically sPCa after RP. Results: There was a high correlation for the prediction of clinically insPCa between the two biopsy schemes in the same population. However, 7.3% of PCa could not be diagnosed in the 6-core TRUS-Bx scheme. Also, 69.4% of these had clinically sPCa according to the Epstein criteria in 12-core TRUS-Bx scheme and 51.8% of these were clinically sPCa after RP. The presence of perineural invasion (PNI) in 12-core biopsy was also significant regarding predicting sPCa (p<0.001). Conclusion: The Epstein criteria in 12-core prostate biopsy provide a better prediction of clinically sPCa than the 6-core biopsy scheme. Biopsy PNI findings appeared to improve the effectiveness of 12-core prostate biopsy, in addition to the Epstein criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a unique type of renal carcinoma characterized by multi-loculated cystic masses. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of multilocular cystic RCC. Materials and Methods: All patients were examined by MRI. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated MRI features, and compared radiological findings and Bosniak category with histopathological findings. Results: The patient population comprised seven men and three women with a mean age of 52.9 years (range:37-61 years). The margins of the multiloculated cystic masses were well defined in all patients, and there was no sign of infiltration of the adjacent tissue and metastatic lymphadenopathy. Conclusion: Multilocular cystic RCC exhibits non-malignant behavior and frequently has a long survival. The size of the lesion at diagnosis is variable, but there is no evidence of infiltration and metastasis in patients at diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Turkish, education is derived from the verb root "bending", which means to bend, apply, teach, train, develop, exercise, dominate, defeat, crush, break, and direct. Considering the continuous and forward-moving role of pathology in modern medical practice, the importance of the concept of education in pathology becomes clear. In this review article, we aimed to create awareness of the dynamic and absolute continuous aspect of education in pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, including signal intensities, enhancement patterns and T2 signal intensity ratios to differentiate oncocytoma from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods: This retrospective study included 17 patients with oncocytoma and 33 patients with chromophobe RCC who underwent dynamic MRI. Two radiologists independently reviewed images blinded to pathology. Morphologic characteristics, T1 and T2 signal intensities were reviewed. T2 signal intensities, wash-in, wash-out values, T2 signal intensity ratios were calculated. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed.Results: Mean ages of patients with oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC were 61.0±11.6 and 58.5±14.0 years, respectively. Mean tumor size was 60.6±47.3 mm for oncocytoma, 61.7±45.9 mm for chromophobe RCC. Qualitative imaging findings in conventional MRI have no distinctive feature in discrimination of two tumors. Regarding signal intensity ratios, oncocytomas were higher than chromophobe RCCs. Renal oncocytomas showed higher signal intensity ratios and wash-in values than chromophobe RCCs in all phases. Fast spin-echo T2 signal intensities were higher in oncocytomas than chromophobe RCCs.Conclusion: Signal intensity ratios, fast spin-echo T2 signal intensities and wash-in values constitute diagnostic parameters for discriminating between oncoytomas and chromophobes. In the excretory phase of dynamic enhanced images, oncocytomas have higher signal intensity ratio than chromophobe RCC and high wash-in values strongly imply a diagnosis of renal oncocytoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study we evaluated the hormone data before prostate needle biopsy (PNB) in patients who underwent retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) due to prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa). Correlations between the patients' RRP pathology results, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and hormone data were investigated. Materials and Methods: Patients were evaluated in two groups according to RRP pathologic T stage: T2 (group 1) and T3 (group 2). Then patients were assessed in two groups based on total testosterone (TTE) values: >300 ng/dL and <300 ng/dL. The preoperative data, hormone data, RRP pathologic data, and biochemical recurrence and RFS results were compared between these groups. Results: A total of 81 patients were evaluated. The mean follow-up time was 37.7 months. Mean recurrence free survival (RFS) among all patients was 94.2±7 months. In multivariate analysis of the preoperative data, TTE/prostate volume (p=0.015) and PNB tumor percentage (p=0.004) were significantly higher in group 2 (n=32) compared to group 1 (n=49). In the postoperative data, RRP pathology Gleason score (GS) (p=0.015) and tumor volume (p=0.02) were significantly higher in group 2. RFS was 99.2±5.8 months in group 1 and 77±12.1 months in group 2 (p=0.02). When patients were assessed according to TTE levels, of the pre- and postoperative data only RRP pathology T stage, GS, and lymph node positivity were significantly higher in the TTE <300 ng/dL group (n=30) compared to the TTE >300 ng/dL group (n=51). The biochemical recurrence rates and RFS times (87.7±13.8 months and 91.3±6.4 months, respectively) were similar between the groups (p=0.571). Conclusion: We demonstrated a correlation between locally invasive PCa and low TTE measured before PNB and low TTE density. In particular, TTE values <300 ng/dL were associated with high pathologic T stage, GS, and lymph node positivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Urological Surgery is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Üroonkoloji Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Üroonkoloji Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Üroonkoloji Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Üroonkoloji Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Üroonkoloji Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Urological Surgery is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a result of improvement of the knowledge about cancer genetics and genomics, substantial developments have occurred in the clinical management of cancers. Molecular diagnosis and therapies targeted at altered genetic pathways are important stages of breast, colon, lung and other cancers. However, this progress is not effective in urologic malignancies as well. Recent studies suggest that Her2, epidermal growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, mTOR and others may have clinical benefits in urinary bladder cancers. In this article, recent developments in molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer, prognostic significance of molecular mechanisms, molecular tumor markers, and the role of molecular biomarkers reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Üroonkoloji Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Üroonkoloji Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: In this study, we aimed to describe the risk factors associated with adrenal invasion in patients who were diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after radical nephrectomy and identify which risk factors are indications for ipsilateral adrenalectomy (IA). Materials and Methods: Preoperative (age, gender, tumor side and location, presence of lung metastasis), intraoperative (thrombectomy rate, IA and additional surgery rate), and histopathological data of 298 patients with RCC were reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups, those with adrenal invasion and those without, and patient data were compared between these groups. Subsequently, rates of renal sinus invasion, perinephric invasion, and renal vein invasion were evaluated in the T3-4 and T3a patient group and the relationship between these rates and adrenal invasion was investigated. Results: Adrenal invasion was detected in 8 (2.7%) of the patients. There were no significant relationships between adrenal invasion and age, gender, tumor side, tumor location, surgery duration, thrombectomy rate, disease stage, sarcomatoid features, microvascular invasion, collecting system invasion, tumor necrosis, or renal vein invasion. The presence of adrenal invasion was associated with a higher rate of additional intraoperative interventions. Adrenal invasion was also significantly associated with greater tumor size, higher pathologic T (pT) stage, and rates of lung metastasis, perinephric invasion, and renal sinus invasion. When stage pT3-4 and pT3a patients were evaluated separately, no significant relation was found between adrenal invasion and renal sinus invasion, perinephric invasion, or renal venous invasion. Conclusion: pT stage, presence of pulmonary metastasis, and renal sinus invasion were important risk factors for adrenal invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P). Details provided include the differential diagnosis and morphologic features of the said disease. Illustrations of the IDC-P are also presented which show basal cells around the duct immunohistochemically, with a right angle branching and two different cell population, and with a loose cribriform pattern.