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The patient was a 61‒year‒old man who had an advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination. After chemotherapy, intraoperative findings during a total gastrectomy revealed the disappearance of the dissemination nodules. Although adjuvant chemotherapy was performed, the presence of massive ascites led to the recurrence of the peritoneal dissemination 5 months after the surgery. While the chemotherapy regimen was altered, we observed no reduction in malignant ascites. The patient complained of abdominal distention and was admitted to our hospital for symptom management. We performed a cell‒free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy(CART)several times. However, symptom management proved difficult; therefore, the patient underwent a peritoneovenous shunt(Denver shunt)placement. After the shunting, we observed no organ injury and improved abdominal distention; however, an asymptomatic coagulopathy was present in the course. Additionally, blood examinations showed increased FDP‒DD and thrombin‒antithrombin complex(TAT). However, 6 months after the shunting, coagulopathy improved and the patient reported the absence of abdominal distention. This report describes a patient with an asymptomatic coagulopathy after Denver shunt placement and evaluated the clinical course by using TAT values.

Although radiation therapy for pelvic cancer leads to improved outcomes, it may cause radiation enteritis. Radiation enteritis is classified as early and late reaction. Late reaction indicate progressive and irreversible changes caused by ischemic changes of the intestinal mucosa. Severe cases require a surgical treatment, which is challenging because of severe adhesions and a high risk of suture failure. In addition, the postoperative course may be unfavorable in some cases. We performed surgery for 4 radiation enteritis cases; however, the postoperative course was unfavorable in 2 cases because of impaired absorption and ileus of the remaining short bowel. These patients could not eat adequately after discharge; therefore, we needed to explain and make them understand the benefits and disadvantages of radiation therapy.

A 27-year-old man was diagnosed with dyskeratosis congenita from DKC1 gene mutation at 9 years of age and had been followed-up regularly.An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed for vomiting revealed gastric varices.Further examination resulted in a diagnosis of Stage Ⅳrectal cancer with portal hypertension, splenomegaly, liver, and lung metastasis and he was referred to our department.A laparoscopic splenectomy was performed, followed by a laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer.Subsequently, resection of the pulmonary and liver metastasis was performed, resulting in macroscopic radical resection.However, 3 months after the hepatectomy, unresectable multiple lung metastasis was detected and he received 5 courses of chemotherapy with cetuximab.A grade 3 skin rash was observed and chemotherapy was discontinued. After 5 courses, he had pneumothorax and received drainage.He had sudden respiratory failure 2 days after pleural adhesion therapy of OK-432 was performed.He was diagnosed with interstitial pneumonia induced by OK-432 and steroid pulse therapy, which resulted in his death without improvement 21 days after admission.

A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for further investigation of abnormal uptake in the pancreatic body on positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET-CT). He had chronic renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy, and had been on maintenance hemodialysis since he was 45-years-old. He was diagnosed with pancreatic body cancer(cT1c, cN0, cM0, cStageⅠa)and was treated preoperatively with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel). After 2 courses, we performed distal pancreatectomy. Histopathological examination revealed no viable tumor cells(pathological complete response). The postoperative course was uneventful, and he is alive without recurrence at 6 months after surgery, without adjuvant chemotherapy. Our findings suggest that gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel is a useful treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer on hemodialysis.

A jejunal tumor was found with computed tomography in a 79-year-old man with a history of gastrectomy reconstructed with Billroth II method for gastric ulcers. The tumor with contrast effect extended into the afferent loop and invaded the retroperitoneum in the dorsal side. The tumor occupied the jejunal lumen in endoscopic examination. Malignant spindle cells were found in the biopsy specimen. An increase of MDM2 and CDK4 signals were observed in fluorescence in situ hybridization( FISH). Given the preoperative diagnosis of jejunal liposarcoma, we performed a resection of the tumor with partial jejunectomy and partial gastrectomy. In the pathological examination of the surgical specimen, the majority of the tumor was dedifferentiated sarcoma; relatively highly differentiated sarcoma cells were observed in the retroperitoneal lesion. Therefore, it was suspected that the retroperitoneal-derived liposarcoma had invaded the jejunal lumen.

An octogenarian man complaining of bloody stool was referred to our hospital. A digital examination, abdominal enhanced CT and endoscopy led to a diagnosis of intussusception due to rectosigmoid colon cancer, but he was not suffering from bowel obstruction. An elective laparoscopic Hartmann's operation was performed after reduction by transanal insertion of a circular sizer. It may be difficult to reduce an intussusception induced by rectal cancer. We report this case with a review of the relevant literature.

A man in his 70s was referred to our hospital with anorexia, weight loss, and constipation. After examination by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and colonoscopy, he was diagnosed as having a locally advanced rectal cancer with abscess formation. Because CT and MRI indicated that the tumor had invaded the seminal vesicle, prostate, and sacrum, we diagnosed it as an unresectable tumor. We treated the abscesses around the tumor by sigmoid colostomy with administration of antibiotics. After control of the infection, the patient received systemic chemotherapy with capecitabine/oxaliplatin (XELOX) plus bevacizumab (BV). After the 5th courses of XELOX plus BV, the primary tumor showed a tendency to shrink, but invasion to the neighboring organs was still seen. Therefore, we treated him with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using S-1. After completion of CRT with no significant adverse effects, the tumor invasion to the neighboring organs disappeared, and we performed a low anterior resection 9 weeks later. Pathological findings revealed that the tumor had shrunk remarkably and it was resected curatively, although a few tumor cells remained in the subserosal layer of the ulcerative scar caused by the CRT. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 for 3 months after discharge. To date, no disease recurrence has been detected. We report a case of locally advanced rectal cancer, which was curatively resected following chemoradiotherapy, along with a short literature review.

In our institution, placement of a self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) for obstructive colorectal cancer to avoid emergency operations, namely as a bridge to surgery (BTS), was introduced in April 2012. Here, we assess the efficacy and safety of pre-operative SEMS placement for treatment of Stage Ⅳ obstructive colorectal cancer. We analyzed a total of 44 cases of Stage Ⅳ colorectal cancer, which consisted of 13 obstructive cases that were surgically resected following SEMS placement as BTS (BTS group), and 31 cases that were resected in elective operations without pre-operative SEMS placement (Ope group), from April 2012 to August 2014. None of the patients had any adverse events during the SEMS procedure or after SEMS placement, and all patients of BTS group could undergo the planned operations after sufficient decompression. In the postoperative period, 1 patient of BTS group (7.7%) had anastomosis bleeding, but no other complications, including anastomosis leakage, were observed in BTS group. However more progressive primary tumors were resected in BTS group (p=0.0115), there were no significant differences for post-operative course between the 2 groups; this indicated avoiding high-risk emergency operations contributed to adequate short-term outcomes in BTS group comparable to those in Ope group. SEMS placement as BTS could be performed safely for Stage Ⅳ obstructive colorectal cancer cases, and was 1 of the effective strategies for local treatment.