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This paper analyses the spatial layout and possibilities of the antifascism tangible heritage for memorial tourism development in the municipalities and towns of Southern Istria. In the first half of the 20th century, the antifascist struggle in Istria was a crucial part of several political turning points. Those historical turning points had far-reaching consequences and, for the most part, were marked by armed conflicts, individual and mass human casualties and terror over the population. The motive of travel in memorial tourism here is to visit the places where these tragic events occurred and commemorate the victims. The aim of the research was to determine the geographical distribution of the antifascism tangible heritage in Southern Istria and their suitability for the development of memorial tourism. An additional objective was to propose thematic routes of memorial tourism in Southern Istrian municipalities and towns. Methods of analyses of historical research, fieldwork, participant observation, spatial and GIS analysis were used. The survey indicated that six South Istrian municipalities and two towns have 167 well-preserved and marked tangible antifascism monuments. The largest number of monuments are located in the central district of the city of Pula. The main contribution of this article was to provide re-evaluation of antifascism tangible heritage as the potential resource for the memorial tourism development as the innovation in the tourism supply of Istria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist intensity in Croatia's leading tourist destinations will be analysed here. 25 tourist towns and municipalities were selected, with the criteria that they achieved more than one million overnight stays in 2016. According to geographical distribution there are ten such locations in Istria, six in the Kvarner region, eight in Dalmatia, and one in central Croatia. In 2016, these leading tourist towns and municipalities had 48% of tourist beds for commercial accommodation in their offers, and collectively achieved 57% of all tourist arrivals and 54% of all overnight stays in the Republic of Croatia. In this analysis of tourist intensity the following indicators were used: the total number of tourist beds, the total number of tourist arrivals, the total number of tourist overnight stays, and an approximation of the population number in municipalities and cities at the end of 2016 according to the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, as well as the area of municipalities and cities according to the data of the State Geodetic Administration. The data cited here were used in order to calculate the tourist intensity rate (TIR), the tourist penetration rate (TPR) according to the total number of total tourist overnight says, the tourism density rate (TDR) which calculates tourism density according to the total number of tourist arrivals and overnight stays, and coefficient of tourist functionality (CTF). The results of this analysis derived from the evaluation of every different percentage all showed that the greatest tourist intensity among all the leading towns and municipalities in the Republic of Croatia are in the municipalities of Funtana and Tar-Vabriga on the west coast of Istria, as well as the Municipality of Medulin in the furthest south of Istria. According to these percentages, the smallest intensity is in the largest cities such as Zagreb, Šibenik and Zadar. Field research and an interview with the representative of the tourist board of the Municipality of Funtana showed that tourist intensity did not endanger the sustainability of this municipality, that it strengthened the local economy by encouraging employment, stimulated the preservation of traditions, and that there were no conflicting relationships between tourists and the local population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is the analysis of abiotic and ecological indicators to investigate environmental sustainability of tourism in Inner Istria, which consists of 24 municipalities and towns. Five quantitative indicators were chosen, respecting the criteria of availability, reliability, predictability, clarity and feasibility. Within the first indicator, "protected natural areas", the greatest share of natural areas under protection was established in the Municipality of Lupoglav. Indicators "overall tourists' water consumption" and "maximum water consumption in tourism industry" have confirmed the low share of tourists' consumption of drinking water in all municipalities and towns in Inner Istria. The analysis of the fourth indicator, "the share of tourist accommodation facilities and connection to the sewerage system", showed that ten municipalities and towns have such facilities on their territories. The fifth indicator analyzed "resorts with tourist accommodation facilities and their coverage with recycling containers for selective municipal waste disposal" and showed that a part of the settlements in the twelve municipalities and towns had this kind of containers. All accommodation facilities in the municipality of Grožnjan have recycling containers. Qualitative indicators realized through problemoriented interviews with experts in the Istrian water-company and municipal companies, and field researches have confirmed the quantitative indicators. The conclusion derived from the interviews is that tourism is currently in its initial stages of development that does not disturb the regular water supply and waste disposal. Finally, the results of this study confirmed the hypothesis that Inner Istria is a region for ecologically sustainable tourism whose touristification does not threaten the protected natural area, water resources and water supply, wastewater and municipal waste disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cilj ovoga rada je analizom abiotičko-ekoloških indikatora istražiti ekološku održivost turizma na prostoru unutrašnje Istre koju čine 24 općine i grada. Poštujući kriterije dostupnosti, pouzdanosti, prediktivnosti, jasnoće i izvodljivosti odabrano je pet kvantitativnih indikatora. Prvim indikatorom zaštićena priroda utvrđen je najveći udjel prirode pod zaštitom u površini općine Lupoglav. Indikatorima ukupna potrošnje vode turista i maksimalna moguća potrošnja vode u turizmu potvrđeni su niski udjeli turističke potrošnje pitke vode u svim općinama i gradovima unutrašnje Istre. Analiza četvrtog indikatora udjel smještajnih turističkih kapaciteta s priključkom na kanalizacijsku mrežu pokazala je da 10 općina i gradova imaju takve objekte na svojem teritoriju. Petim indikatorom analizirana su naselja sa smještajnim objektima i njihova pokrivenost reciklažnim otocima za selektivno zbrinjavanje komunalnog otpada te je utvrđeno da dio naselja u 12 općina i gradova imaju takav način zbrinjavanja. Potpunu pokrivenost imaju smještajni objekti na prostoru općine Grožnjan. Kvantitativni indikatori potvrđeni su kvalitativnim indikatorom ostvarenim kroz problemski usmjerene intervjue sa stručnim osobama iz istarskih vodovoda i komunalnih poduzeća te terenskim istraživanjem. Zaključak proistekao iz tih intervjua je da je turizam u začecima razvoja koji ne remeti redovitu opskrbu vodom i zbrinjavanje otpada. Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su hipotezu prema kojoj je unutrašnja Istra regija ekološki održivog turizma čija turistifikacija ne ugrožava zaštićenu prirodu, vodne resurse i vodoopskrbu te zbrinjavanje otpadnih voda i komunalnog otpada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]