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Patients with ventricular ulcer (n = 109) were examined endoscopically and bioptically concerning the frequency of an at the same time existing gastritis. It was shown that stomachs with ulcer practically without any exception, i.e. in 96 per cent, had a pangastritis. In the endoscopic comparative group without focal lesions (n = 231) a gradually less pronouncedly expressed gastritis is present than in patients with ulcer. Patients with gastric ulcer and such persons with endoscopical negative dyspepsia (endoscopic comparative group) have common the more pronounced appearance of the gastritis in the antrum (antritis) than in the corpus. Gastric ulcers appeared in males at the age from 30 to 49 years twice as often as in females. The latter showed an approximately linear increase of the frequency of corpus ulcers between 20 and 69 years. In antrum ulcers like in duodenal ulcers the males dominate at the age from 20 to 59 years, whereas the females prevail in the 7th decennium.

The histological findings of twenty bioptically diagnosed early cancers of the stomach are described. In the delimitation of the so-called borderline-lesions the intestinal metaplasia in the mucous membrane of the stomach must particularly be taken into consideration. The differentiated ripe form of the intestinal metaplasia is no precancerosis. However, within the process of intestinalisation atypias may appear, which represent possible transitional forms to carcinoma.

In a random test of 128 patients with neoplasms of the stomach and in a control group of 170 persons corresponding to age without any focal lesion at the stomach the connection between carcinoma of the stomach and the chronic gastritis was tested. The carcinoma of the stomach is always accompanied by chronic gastritis. The chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia is significantly more frequent than in control persons. We found the chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia more frequently than in the adenocarcinoma (environmental carcinoma) than in the solid carcinoma. The clear dependence of age of the carcinoma of the stomach is confirmed; particularly great increase of the frequency of the carcinoma in the male in the fourth to the seventh decennium of life, in which case males more frequently have an adenocarcinoma, females, on the other hand, a solid carcinoma.

In 211 bulboscopies 108 normal findings, 29 duodenal ulcers, 44 cases of scar bulb, 4 times erosions of the bulb and 26 times a bulbitis alone (macroscopically) were found. The macroscopic findings duodenitis were confirmed histologically in 85%, the macroscopic findings normal bulbous mucous membrane only in 30% of the cases. In patients with the histological findings duodenitis the bulbous mucous membrane was endoscopically regarded as normal in 70% of the cases. Patients with duodenitis more frequently have an antrum gastritis and less frequently a corpus gastritis than a control group corresponding to age without any macroscopic changes at the stomach and duodenal bulb. On account of its clinico-therapeutic importance is referred to the fact to demarcate the peptic corrosive bulbitis (bulbitis with bulboscopically probable lesion) from the bulbitis without bulboscopic lesion.