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Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die Rolle des Schlafs bei der Wiederherstellung der durch einen ischämischen Hirninfarkt eingeschränkten motorischen oder kognitiven Funktion zu erörtern sowie die zugrundeliegenden neuronalen Mechanismen zu diskutieren.

Upper endoscopy was performed in 567 patients: 237 under general anesthesia, 261 in intravenous sedation with midazolam and etomidat (mean dosage 0.26 mg/kg bodyweight), 69 without any premedication. In these many patients defended strongly and some investigations have to been interrupted. On the other hand general anaesthesia needed much more time and personnel and produced more costs. In our experience sedation with midazolam and etomidat is most comfortable for patient and endoscopist and the time needed is shorter than in general anaesthesia. Therefore we recommend this method even in therapeutic endoscopy, except only in sclerotherapy of esophageal varices.