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The objective is to analyze the reflexes of the distribution of oil Royalties on the regional dynamics of growth and development of the rural territory of the Sertão Central Cabugi and Litoral Norte, in Rio Grande do Norte. As a methodology, a correlation test of FIRJAN's Municipal Development Index (IFDM) with oil Royalties and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was carried out. The data used were from a secondary source and consisted of 2010 to 2016, generating a descriptive analysis of them. They were collected through the electronic address of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), InfoRoyalties, from the National Petroleum Agency (ANP), extracted directly from the database, and from the FIRJAN Municipal Development Index (IFDM), extracted from the Firjan system database. The results showed that the municipalities of Galinhos, Guamaré and Macau obtained the highest value in the collection of Royalties. Thus, it was possible to conclude that there was a linear relationship between IFDM and Royalties and between GDP and Royalties, through the correlation test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]