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Basic principles of optimal nutrition of sportsmen in various kinds of sport are formulated. Their diet must be well-balanced in terms of all nutrients and contain essential vitamins and minerals. There is outlined an indispensable content of the basic nutrients in sportsmen's daily diet: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and minerals.

The article this research is devoted to the Orenburg student youth diet. The revealed deficiency of major nutrients (protein, fats and especially carbohydrates), as vitamins (C, PP, E, D, B groups) and analysis of diet ration concerning basis nourishing components, vitamins, macro- micro elements (Zn, Cu, I, Cr, Se).

The retrospective analysis of 4 variants of norms of human physiological needs in food substances and energy accepted in 1951, 1968, 1982 and 1991 is given. Dynamics of the scientifically proved specification of value of needs is revealed and the necessity of permanent development of conceptual base of normalization is determined. Last one is based on two natural laws of a balanced diet: 1) compulsion of conformity energy expense and energy consumption; 2) the value of consumption of the basic food substances (fibers, fats, carbohydrates) should be in limits of physiologically necessary quantity proportion and be accompanied by satisfaction of human needs in different nutrients.