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Skin cancer represents the most frequent type of human malignancy. Skin poses an important immunologic role, therefore also the correlation between skin cancer development and immunologic mechanisms are intensely studied. These aspects are of the utmost importance in patients requiring immunosuppressive therapy as transplant recipients or immunologic disorders. Cancer development after organ transplantation is the result of intense intercommunication between immunological and nonimmunological factors. Non-immunologic risk factors like individual predisposition, sun and environmental exposure are a contributing part to the skin neoplasia incidence. In addition, continuous exposure to immunosuppressive medication is closely linked to the development of the new malignancy. A similar situation is encountered in autoimmune diseases, those patients having an increased risk of skin cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma. Immunotherapy shows promising results and encourages further studies in this direction. Also, an important aspect is to support preventive strategies in patients with high risk of skin cancer development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]