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In order to explain the difference of survival response of plants at different levels in evergreen broad-leaved forest to the Phyllostachys edulis expansion from the perspective of ecological stoichiometry homeostasis, this study used the method of space-time substitution, a typical P. edulis evergreen broad-leaved forest interface including P. edulis forest, P. edulis broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest was selected in Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province. The N and P contents of soil and leaves of P. edulis, broad-leaved trees, shrubs and herbaceous layer plants in each forest were compared and analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)From bamboo forest to evergreen broad-leaved forest, the soil N content and N:P increased, while soil P content decreased; the leaf P contents of tree species(Machilus thunbergii, Alniphyllum fortunei and Daphniphyllum macropodum)decreased and the N:P increased. Unlike the trees, the leaf N and P stoichiometric characteristics of plants both in shrub and herbaceous layers showed no significant change, except the shrub tree Lindera erythrocarpa.(2)The soil N:P was positively correlated with the leaf N:P of trees, negatively correlated with that of shrubs and had no correlation with that of herbaceous plants, respectively.(3)The leaf N and P contents and N:P for P. edulis remained stable. In conclusion, P. edulis expansion changes plant leaf N and P stoichiometric characteristics by altering the soil N and P stoichiometric characteristics. Shrubs and herbaceous plants are less affected, however, it causes the imbalance of plant N and P stoichiometric characteristics of tree layer plants, which may be an important reason for the survival of tree species in evergreen broad-leaved forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the population quantitative characteristics and regional distribution of wild Viburnum plants in Southwest Hubei, and reveal the survival status and development trend of the following five Viburnum species: V. erosum, V. betulifolium, V. sympodiale, V. setigerum and V. dilatatum. A total of 27 hm2 dynamic monitoring stands were set up in Jinzi Mountains National Forest Farm, Mulinzi National Nature Reserve and Qizimei Mountains National Nature Reserve in Southwest Hubei. The age structure, dynamic quantitative analysis and static life table of five Viburnum species were used to explore the population structure, dynamic characteristics and future development potential of Viburnum plants. The results were as follows:(1)The distribution area and population size of Viburnum plants in Southwest Hubei were significantly different.(2)The age structure of the five Viburnum species displayed as the pyramidal type summarized from population structure and dynamic analysis. The number of individuals of each population was large at the young stage(89.48% of V. erosum in Jinzi Mountains, 76.38% of V. betulifolium, 67.24% of V. erosum in Mulinzi, 62.11% of V. dilatatum, 56.53% of V. sympodiale, 58.44% of V. setigerum), and only a small proportion of individuals(0.18% of V. erosum in Jinzi Mountains, 0.85% of V. betulifolium, 3.29% of V. erosum in Mulinzi, 3.97% of V. dilatatum, 8.37% of V. sympodiale, 2.79% of V. setigerum)at the old stage. The young stage plants of five Viburnum species all had strong growth potentials but were sensitive to external disturbances.(3)The survival quantity of the five Viburnum species was decreasing monotonically with increasing age class presented by static life tables. Except for V. setigerum, the life expectancy reached peak at the young age, all the other Viburnum species populations reached the peak at the middle age. The change trend of mortality rate and vanish rate were similar, but the fluctuation of vanish rate and mortality rate curves were different among different species. The survival curves were tended to be Deevey-Ⅱ type.(4)The four survival function curves showed that all five Viburnum species populations exhibited a substantial decrease at the early stage, stabilization at the middle stage, and decline at the late stage. To sum up, plant resources of Viburnum species are abundant in Southwest Hubei. Therefore, it is scientific and feasible to exploit Viburnum plants rationally. At the young stage, artificial thinning can be carried out appropriately to improve the preserving rate. During the stable middle stage, the dominant species which have good ornamental characters can be selected for appropriate development and utilization. However, some species need to be protected to maintain biodiversity in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal dynamics of community succession of a secondary savanna shrub forest of the arid-hot valley in National Nature Reserve of Cycas panzhihuaensis in Sichuan, based on the first(2020)reexamined data of 1 hm² permanent fixed plot which was established in 2015, community dynamics over the past five years were analyzed by species composition, community diversity, importance value, mortality rate, recruitment rate and diameter at breast height(DBH). The results were as follows: (1) Woody plants in community changed from 15 families, 17 genera, and 17 species in 2015 to 15 families, 18 genera, and 18 species in 2020. There was no significant change for dominant species composition but a significant change for degree of dominance in the past five years. For the six common populations with higher importance values(>1) in 2020, the importance values of five populations increased, and the population of C. panzhihuaensis decreased only, when compared with their importance values in 2015. C. panzhihuaensis was still the most dominant species and constructive species in the plot, but its importance value declined significantly. However, a significant increase of importance values occurred for some arbor species such as Quercus cocciferoides and Terminalia franchetii. (2)The number of woody plants with DBH≥1 had increased to 1 710 until 2020, the average DBH of all woody plant individuals in this community increased from 11.10 cm to 11.17 cm. The average annual mortality was 0.29%, and the average annual recruitment rate was 2.75%, the average DBH of dead and recruited individuals were 11.84 cm and 4.96 cm respectively. Compared with the woody plants living in 2015, individual trees from seven species had died, and those from nine species were recruited over the past five years. (3) The results also indicated that although Osyris quadripartita declined, the populations of nine species increased, and four were stable from 2015 to 2020. The average DBH of Cycas panzhihuaensis and Osyris quadripartita decreased only, but the others increased to different extents. With forest succession, the importance of interspecific competition within community will increase gradually. Dominant position in community will be occupied by arbor tree species such as Quercus cocciferoides and Terminalia franchetii during process of succession in the future, but dominant position of Cycas panzhihuaensis is not threatened in a short term. The main reason of significant decrease of dominance of Cycas panzhihuaensis is plant individual death of larger diameter class. In the future, a transitional-type secondary community from secondary savanna shrub forest to climax which is occupied by arbor tree species gradually will been consisted of Cycas panzhihuaensis, Quercus cocciferoides, Terminalia franchetii and other arbor trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reported a macrofungus specimen with special morphology collected from Liancheng National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province. Morphological characteristics observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences were performed. The results show that the specimen is Carcinomyces polyporina, belonging to Basidiomycota, Tremellomycetes, Tremellales, Carcinomycetaceae, which represents a newly recorded genus and species in China, and is the first report of this genus in East Asia. Carcinomyces polyporina is characterized by parasitism on polypores fruitbody, forming gelatinous mycocecidium, basidia with longitudinally septate, and conidia commonly gemmated from basidiospores germination. The specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptoflora, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences(HKAS 115765). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guizhou Province is rich in ecological resources, and the establishment of national park is conducive to centralized and standardized management of ecological resources. In order to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of national nature reserves in Guizhou Province, and to screen out the advantageous landscape resource gathering areas for the selection of national parks, we analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of 113 protected areas in five categories by ArcGis spatial analysis tool, and screened out the candidate areas of national park pilots and evaluated their resources. The results are as follows:（1） The national nature reserves in Guizhou Province are distributed in a cohesive way with a high degree of overlap, and eight national park pilot candidate areas are delimited by taking the reserve gathering area as the landscape advantage area.（2） Based on the analysis of the main representative resources of the gathering areas and the experts’ scores, the concentration areas with higher scores can be recommended as the national park pilot areas, and the highest score in Chishui-Xishui area can be selected as the national park experimental area.（3） The national representativeness, suitability, state-owned and social feasibility of Chishui-Xishui area resources can meet the basic principle of setting up national parks with priority to integrate the overlapping protected areas, and its plant diversity conservation is of great value. The results of this study provide a new idea for choosing location of national parks and a reference for the establishment of national parks based on nature reserve system and the conservation of plant diversity in national parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution pattern of plant community is the result of the interaction of environmental factors and human activities, especially the elevation gradient is considered as the decisive factor of the distribution pattern of plant community. In order to explore the relationship between plant community distribution pattern and environmental factors and its driving mechanism in Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province, the characteristics of plant community and its relationship with environmental factors in the study area were disucssed, using quantitative classification and DCCA sequencing methods on the basis of field investigation. The results were as follows:(1)There were 85 species of seed plants belonging to 30 families and 56 genera in 88 sampling plots of Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province, including twelve species of Gramineae, nine species of Compositae, eight species of Fabaceae, six species of Rosaceae and five species of Chenopodiaceae, accounting for 14.11%, 10.59%, 9.41%, 7.06% and 5.88% of total species, respectively. These plants could be classified into nine plant communities throught TWINSPAN.(2)Nine plant communities were clustered and distributed on the DCCA sequencing diagram, showing a good environmental gradient. Altitude had a great influence on the distribution pattern of plant communities, followed by precipitation, temperature, slope, slope direction and soil humus.(3)Among the variables influencing plant community spatial distribution pattern, environmental factors accounted for 25.24%, spatial factors accounted for 13.21%, space factor and environment factor interactions accounted for 9.03%, 52.52% of the community distribution pattern was not accounted by spatial factor and environmental factor section, and this part mainly reflected the human activity influence on plant community distribution pattern in the study area. The results of this paper are of great significance to the ecological restoration of vegetation and the stable maintenance of biodiversity in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedicularis pandania(Orobanchaceae)was a new species discovered in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China. This new species belongs to the alternative-leaved group that characterizing by having abundant basal leaves or only 1-3 cauline leaves, short-tubed and beaked corolla, and the lower lip completely enveloping the beaked galea. Due to the corolla tube was strongly twisted near the calyx, the corolla lower lip was completely upside down, which was distinguished from other Chinese species. Phylogenetic analyses showed that P. pandania fell into the Clade 7, as a sister to species in Ser. Flammeae, Ser. Pseudo-oederianae, Ser. Rhynchodontae,Ser. Filiculae and Ser. Macrorhynchae. Morphologically, however, the new species is easily discriminated from them in the corolla form as mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, species of the same congeneric species(Litsea pungens and L. elongata )in large sample plot of 15 hm2 in Mulinzi National Nature Reserve of Hubei Province were taken as the study object. The spatial distribution pattern, intraspecies and interspecific spatial correlations of the two species were analyzed by pairwise correlation function and different zero models(complete spatial randomness, heterogeneous Poisson and antecedent condition), and the construction mechanism of the community was discussed from the point of view of the spatial distribution pattern of the same congeneric species. The results were as follows:(1)In the study of population spatial distribution pattern, the spatial distribution pattern of the two species was generally aggregation distribution. The aggregation scales on the basis of the CSR zero model, the L. pungens and the different diameter stages(sapling, small tree, medium tree, adult tree)were 0-114 m, 0-103 m, 0-56 m, 0-34 m, and 0-16 m, respectively, and the aggregation scales of the L. elongata and the different diameter stages were 0-150 m, 0-150 m and 0-59 m, 0-56 m and 0-14 m; On the basis of the HP-zero model, the spatial distribution pattern of the whole L. pungens was 0-23 m, where in all of the sapling, small and medium trees were 0-22 m, and the aggregation distribution of adult trees was only on the scale of 0-3 m. The aggregation scale of the whole spatial distribution pattern of L. elongata was 0-36 m and 140-150 m, and the aggregation scale of each diameter grade was 0-35 m, 0-35 m, 0-12 m and 0-6 m.(2)In the study of intraspecific correlation, the intraspecies correlation of different diameter individuals showed positive correlation on a small scale, and became weakly unrelated or negative with the increase of scale.(3)In the study of interspecific correlation, the spatial relationship between the two species was about the same. On the whole, the two species showed positive correlation with another species within 30 m scale and negative correlation within 40-68 m scale, and there was no correlation between different diameter grades, and there was positive or negative correlation between the two species. It is considered that the spatial distribution pattern of the population is basically aggregation distribution, which is mainly affected by habitat heterogeneity and diffusion. The spatial distribution patterns of L. pungens and L. elongata in large sample plot are similar, and different habitat preferences may be the cause of the coexistence of the two species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Southwest of Hubei Province, there are four national nature reserves, namely Houhe, Mulinzi, Qizimeishan and Xingdoushan. Together they form a interconnecting protected area in which rare animals and plants are similar and complementing each other. At the same time, its rich landform types and water resources created an excellent living environment for bryophytes. This paper used the method of combining field investigations and published records to analyze the species richness and composition of bryophytes in these national nature reserves of Southwest Hubei, and to compare the diversity of bryophytes with those in Southeast Chongqing and Northwest Hunan. The results were as follows:(1)There were 601 species of bryophytes of 197 genera and 77 families in the national nature reserve group of Southwest Hubei, accounting for 19.89% and 71.46% of the total number of bryophytes in China and Hubei, respectively. Among them, 27 species are endemic to China, 15 families and 91 genera have only one species each.(2)There are some similarities and complementarities among bryophytes in the four national nature reserves within the national nature reserve group, it conforms to the principle of biodiversity conservation in China.(3)The bryophytes flora compositions in the national nature reserve group in Southwest Hubei are diverse, and the number of bryophytes species is significantly higher than that in Southeast Chongqing and Northwest Hunan. Therefore, the national nature reserve group in Southwest Hubei not only effectively protects large-sized rare and endangered plants and animals, but also nurtures a rich and diverse bryophytes flora, thus an important area for of the conservation bryophytes diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrodia uraiensis T. C. Hsu & C. M. Kuo of Orchidaceae was found in Qichong National Nature Reserve of Guangxi as a newly recorded species from Mainland, China. G. uraiensis T. C. Hsu & C. M. Kuo is similar to G. fontinalis T. P. Lin in morphology, but it is easily distinguished from the latter by its inflorescence shorter, perianth tube shorter, lip with four ridges elevated from central portion of the disc, ridges united into two higher ridges toward apex. Detailed morphological description and color photos of the newly recorded species are provided, and biogeographic significance of the discovery is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gutianshan National Nature Reserve ( GNNR) preserves a large expanse of low elevation typical EBLFs. ln order to understand how species composition of evergreen board-leaved forests ( EBLFs) vary al the regional scale and the underlying drivers, we investigated species composition of 29 20 m x 20 m plots in GNNR, and collected data of other 14 typical EBLFs that distributed across subtropical eastern China, then we investigated the species composition difference between 15 typical EBLFs, as well as how geographical and physical environments drove these differences. The results were as follows: ( 1) GNNH EBLFs composed a variety of community types, such as Gastannpsis forest and Cyclobalanopsis forest de. Species composition of GNNR EBLFs was representative in subtropical eastern China. ( 2) Species composition ( r3 diversity) largely differed between EBLFs. Physical environments, instead of geographical distance, was the most in11uential factor of EBLFs species composition. EBLF species composition was the most in11uenced by the minimum temperature of the coldest month ( MTCM). ( 3) Composition of leaf life forms of 15 typical evergreen broad-leaved forests was the most strongly influenced by the minimum temperature of the coldest month ( MTCM), then by the maximum temperature of the coldest month ( MT\VM). These results indicate that habitat filtering is the main driver of the difference of woody plants species composition among eastern typical EBLFs, and suggest cold temperature is the most important determinant of eastern typical EBLFs comm1mities, would provide guidance for conservation and restoration of EBLFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medog County, Tibet, China is located at the junction of the Eastern Himalaya and Indo-Burma region, one of biodiversity hotspot in Himalaya areas, which is the core area of Yarlungzangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. During our botanical survey in Medog County of Southeast Tibet. Two new records to flora of China, Ceratostylis radiata J. J. Sm. and Bulbophyllum psychoon Rchb. f.(Orchidaceae), are described and illustrated. Ceratostylis radiata has white flower, star-shaped without colored spot, with short stem 2-2.5 cm, lip 3-lobed. Bulbophyllum psychoon is similar to B. levinei, but this species can be easily identified by its petals ovate, apex obtuse. Both of the voucher specimens were deposited in Herbarium of XZ and PE. Both of orchids were original distributed in India, Myanmar and Vitenam. The discovery of the two new record species in Medog, enriches the plant species in Southeast Tibet of China, which indicates that there is a certin relationship between the flora of Medog and the original distribution areas, and also confirms that Medog is a subtropical region with the species of distribution elevation above the orginal distribution range, and delayed flowering period. Discovery of this new record orchid species further highlights the value for biodiversity conservation of Southeast Tibet, China, and calls for more comprehensive exploration on botanical survey, study, and conservation in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]