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The authors report the results of a study investigating the efficacy of the cultural adaptation of a voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) program aimed at increasing the use of condoms and decreasing rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Study participants were a group of female sex workers (FSWs) in Guangxi, China. The intervention was modeled after a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Project called RESPECT. FSWs were either assigned to received the VCT intervention or to a control group that received STD testing and treatment. Outcome measures were knowledge and perceptions about HIV/STDs, condom use and history of STDs. The VCT intervention group scored higher in HIV/STD knowledge and consistent condom use and had a substantially lower infection rate.